Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

• long bones and irregular bones
• joints
• vertebrae
• muscles

Answer 1

Structure of musculoskeletal system

Question 2

Two or more bones coming together and stabilized with ligaments

Answer 2

Joints

Question 3

• 12 thoracic
• 7 cervical
• 5 lumbar
• 5 sacral
• 1 coccyx

Answer 3

Vertebrae

Question 4

Important for strength of bone

Answer 4

Calcium and vitamin D

Question 5

Patient can do the exercise

Answer 5

Active ROM

Question 6

Patient needs help with the exercise

Answer 6

Passive ROM

Question 7

Shorten muscle

Answer 7

Flexion

Question 8

Lengthen muscle

Answer 8

Extension

Question 9

Move away from midline of the body

Answer 9

Abduction

Question 10

Move towards midline of body

Answer 10

Adduction

Question 11

• cardiac: heart
• skeletal: attached to the bone
• smooth: lining of blood vessels

Answer 11

Muscle

Question 12

Palms up, moving elbows

Answer 12

Supination

Question 13

Palms down, moving elbows

Answer 13

Pronation

Question 14

Toes up

Answer 14

Dorsiflexion

Question 15

Toes down like a ballerina

Answer 15

Plantar flexion

Question 16

Toe towards midline

Answer 16

Inversion

Question 17

Toes away from midline

Answer 17

Exversion

Question 18

Pins in the bone and it’s on the outside of the body

Answer 18

External fixator

Question 19

All done inside with pins, brackets, plates, etc.

Answer 19

Internal fixator

Question 20

Pulleys and weights

Answer 20

Traction

Question 21

Numbness (paresthesia), pain, tingling

Answer 21

Subjective data to alterations of the musculoskeletal system

Question 22

How to assess muscle strength

Answer 22

Have pt push and pull against force

Question 23

Unable to contract muscle

Answer 23

0 muscle strength

Question 24

Able to contract muscle slightly

Answer 24

1 on muscle strength

Question 25

Able to use joint in gravity eliminated position

Answer 25

2 on muscle strength

Question 26

Able to move joint against gravity

Answer 26

3 on muscle strength

Question 27

Able to move joint with some resistance

Answer 27

4 on muscle strength

Question 28

Able to move joint with full resistance

Answer 28

5 on muscle strength

Question 29

• forever muscles tighten and shorten
• mostly comes from lack of movement
• need for passive ROM activity

Answer 29

Contracture

Question 30

Curvature of the spine that looks like slouching

Answer 30

Kyphosis

Question 31

Curvature of the spine that looks like an arched lower back

Answer 31

Lordosis

Question 32

Abnormal curvature of the spine that occurs in a lateral manner it looks like an S or C

Answer 32

Scoliosis

Question 33

Elevated due to muscle damage or muscle breakdown
- may be due to lifting too much weights, or elderly people who fall

Answer 33

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

Question 34

See if there’s actually any breaks in the bones

Answer 34

X-ray

Question 35

If contrast is used, ask about allergies to iodine, and ask use of metformin
- want to know BUN, Cr, and kidney function

Answer 35

CT

Question 36

• rest
• ice
• compression
• elevation

Answer 36

Health promotion for sprain or strain

Question 37

• complains of loss of height
• eat diet high in calcium, vitD

Answer 37

Risk of Osteoporosis

Question 38

• healthy body weight
• regular physical activity
• stretch exercises

Answer 38

Health promotion for Osteoporosis