Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
- Coordination of movement, speech, and senses
- Balance and coordination
A
Cerebellum
2
Q
Visual stimuli and sense of light
A
Occipital lobe
3
Q
- Emotions, reasoning, abstractions, and concentration
- Voluntary eye movement
- Brucas area of motor control of speech
- Storage of info
A
Frontal lobe
4
Q
Integrate sensory information
A
Parietal lobe
5
Q
- Interpretation of smells, sounds, and language
- Critical for language comprehension
A
Temporal lobe
6
Q
Controls involuntary behavior: Breathing, Heart rate, Coughing, Sleeping, and Consciousness
A
Brain Stem
7
Q
Cardiac, digestion, vasomotor, and respiratory system
A
Medulla Oblongata
8
Q
Respiratory function
A
Pons
9
Q
Auditory and visual reflexes
A
Midbrain
10
Q
Pain, paresthesia, nervousness, dizziness, nausea, vertigo, changes in vision
A
Subjective data in Neurological system
11
Q
See pt vomiting, lack of motor coordination, change in strength
A
Objective data in the Neurological system
12
Q
- Smell
- Identify odors with closed eyes
A
CN I: Olfactory nerve (sensory)
13
Q
- Vision
- Use snellen chart to test visual acuity
A
CN II: Optic nerve (sensory)
14
Q
- Eye movement and pupillary reaction
- 6 cardinal fields of vision
A
CN III: Oculomotor nerve (motor)
15
Q
Eye movement up and down, in and out
A
CN IV: Trochlear nerve (motor)
16
Q
Face sensation and mastication
A
CN V: Trigeminal nerve (motor and sensory)
17
Q
Eye movement laterally (side to side)
A
CN VI: Abducens nerve (motor)
18
Q
- Facial muscles and taste
- Smile, raise eyebrows, and detect various taste
A
CN VII: Facial nerve (motor and sensory)
19
Q
- Hearing and balance
- use of tuning fork and whisper test; spin them and see them walk
A
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear nerve (sensory)
20
Q
- Swallowing, voice, and gag reflex
- Use tongue depression tool
A
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerve (motor and sensory)
21
Q
Speaking and swallowing
A
CN X: Vagus nerve (motor and sensory)
22
Q
- Contracting muscles of shoulder and neck
- Shrug against resistance
A
CN XI: Spinal Accessory nerve (motor)
23
Q
Tongue movement, move it from side to side
A
CN XII: Hypoglossal nerve (motor)
24
Q
Test to check for allergies, renal function, and if they take metformin (with contrast)
- visualize/assess internal organs/structures
A
Computed Tomography (CT)
25
Test to assess electrical activity in the brain, where you put electro in head
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
26
Test to check for allergies, renal function, metformin, and ask for consent from pt
- differential diagnosis of infection or hemorrhage of brain
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
27
- Risk of infection or hemorrhage
- Normal finding: clear and colorless fluid
- Assess and observe puncture site for bleeding, CSF leakage, and hematoma formation
- Need formal consent
- After procedure, position pt flat and maintain for 8hrs
Lumbar puncture
28
FAST stand for?
- Face drooping
- Arm weakness
- Speech
- Time to call for 911
29
Drowsiness; tired and lack of energy
Lethargy
30
Decrease muscle tone
Hypotonia
31
Increase muscle tone
Hypertonia
32
Muscles contracted and tense
Rigidity
33
Increase motor tone
Spasticity
34
Loss of muscle tone and strength to one side of the body
Hemiparesis
35
Loss of motor and sensory function in lower extremities
Paraplegic
36
Loss of motor and sensory in upper and lower extremities
Quadriplegic
37
S&F: white avascular tissue that protects the eye and maintains the shape of eye
Sclera
38
S&F: transparent structure that refracts light
Lens
39
S&F: Black center of iris
Pupils
40
S&F: Thin membrane that covers eye
Conjunctiva
41
S&F: Protects and lubricates the eye
Eyelids
42
S&F: Tear ducts
Lacrimal glands
43
S&F: External, visible part of the ear
Auricle (pinna)
44
S&F: Equalize pressure in the ear
Eustachian tube
45
S&F: Organ of hearing
Cochlea
46
S&F: Eardrum that is shiny and translucent
Tympanic membrane
47
S&F: Lymphatic tissue that is part of the immune system
Adenoids
48
S&F: Aligned with mucus membrane
Nostrils
49
S&F: Jaw bone
Mandible
50
S&F: Secrete saliva to start the process of digestion
Salivary glands
51
Tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness, pain, headache, difficulty swallowing
Subjective data of HEENT
52
Astigmatism and visual acuity
Objective data of HEENT
53
Tests visual acuity
- have to be 20ft away and hold white card over the eye
Snellen chart
54
Conduction test using tuning fork
Weber/Rinne
55
- Done when dysphagia is observed or reported
- Referral to speech pathologist who will observe eating or drinking
Swallowing evaluation
56
X-ray to assess swallowing - gives barium sulfate to drink
Modified barium swallow study
57
Test that swabs the back of throat, check gag for 1 to 2 days
Throat culture
58
Tests that evaluates thyroid function
TSH, T4, and T3
59
- Hearing aids are on
- Reduce background noise
- Face the pt
- Speak slow and clearly
- Try written communication
- Allow extra time
- Never shout
Hearing impaired
60
- Introduce self
- Ask how much they can see
- Ask permission to touch
- Tell pt you’re going to leave
- Be descriptive when giving directions
Visual impaired
61
Smoke detectors in the house
Smelling impaired
62
Ringing in ears
Tinnitus
63
Feeling environment is moving
Vertigo
64
Double vision
Diplopia
65
Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eye
Nystagmus
66
Nearsighted
Myopia
67
Farsighted
Hyperopia
68
Progressive vision loss due to old age
Presbyopia
69
20/200 vision
Legal blindness
70
Bacterial, viral infection of the conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis
71
Drooping of eyelid
Ptosis
72
S&F:
- Immunity or spread of infection
- Production of WBCs
- Fluid and protein balance
- Absorb lipids from small intestines during digestion
Lymphatic system
73
S&F:
- Made up of: proteins, water, impurities, and waste products
- Seeps into tissues from circulation
- Stored in the lymphatic system and flows back to blood circulation
- Moves in one direction
Lymph fluid
74
Pain, tenderness, fatigue, feeling of fullness
Subjective data relating to alteration in lymph system
75
- Pt sits up
- Slightly flex neck forward
- Use finger pads of index and middle fingers
- Gently palpate in circular motion
- There is 10 facial and neck lymph nodes
- Use both hands to examine both sides
Assessing lymph nodes
76
- Press on swollen area
- Grade using t1 to t4
- 1+ is 2mm and disappears rapidly
- 2+ is 4mm and disappears 10-15 secs
- 3+ is 6mm and last more than 1 min
- 4+ is 8mm and last 2-3 mins
Assessing edema
77
- Size is <1 cm
- Consistency: discreet, soft
- Mobility: freely moveable, may occur with infection
- Tenderness: nontender
Normal lymph nodes
78
- Size is >1cm (if persistent for >4 weeks, it needs further inspection)
- Consistency: rubbery and rock-hard (malignancies)
- Mobility: fixed or matted
- Tenderness: tender -> inflammation
Abnormal lymph nodes
79
- Purpose is to detect infections or cancer, any bleeding or abnormalities
- Needs consent because it’s invasive
- Watch for sign of infection at incision site
Lymph node biopsy
80
- Diagnosing peripheral vascular insufficiencies and blockage in the lymph system
- Need consent, ask for allergies, whether they have any bleeding disorder, renal function, and if they’re on metformin
- Monitor peripheral pulses and changed in color or temp of skin or around incision area
- Maintain bed rest in supine position for 2-6hrs to prevent stress on puncture site
Angiogram
81
- Family history of lymphedema
- Removal of lymph nodes
- Invasive surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Morbid obesity
Risk factors for lymphedema
82
Swelling or accumulation of fluid in lymphatic system
Lymphedema
83
Elevations of WBCs
Leukocytosis
84
Enlarged lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
85
Cancers of lymphatic system
Lymphoma
86
High concentration of lymph fluid
Lymphocytosis
87
Assessment of HEENT to identify risk factors, analyze findings, and plan interventions
Cardinal field of gaze and hearing test
88
Assessment of neurological system to identify risk factors, analyze findings, and plan interventions
- Level of consciousness (LOC)
- Orientation
- Speech
- Behavior
- PERRLA
