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Nur203 > Abdominal System > Flashcards

Abdominal System Flashcards

1
Q

Structure that contains: duodenum, gallbladder, liver, head of pancreas, right kidney, and right adrenal gland

A

Right upper quadrant

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2
Q

Structure that contains: stomach, spleen, body of pancreas, left kidney, left adrenal

A

Left upper quadrant

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3
Q

Structure that contains: cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord

A

Right lower quadrant

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4
Q

Structure that contains: sigmoid colon, left ovary and tube, left ureter, left spermatic cord

A

Left lower quadrant

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5
Q

Structure that contains: aorta, uterus, bladder (above the pubic bone)

A

Midline

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6
Q
  • the covering
  • 2 types of lining:
    • parietal peritoneum covers the wall of the abdominal cavity
    • visceral covers the organ which is abdominal viscera
A

Peritoneum

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7
Q
  • heaviest and largest excretory organ in body
  • occupies almost the entire upper right quadrant
  • very vascular
  • plays key roles in metabolizing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and drugs
  • produces bile
  • detoxify harmful chemicals and produces clotting factors
A

Liver

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8
Q
  • lies under the liver
  • collects bile
  • in the RUQ
  • helps emulsify and digest fats
A

Gallbladder

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9
Q
  • connects to liver and gallbladder
  • endocrine that secretes insulin
  • exocrine that releases pancreatic juices
A

Pancreas

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10
Q
  • digestion of food
  • three parts: the upper fundus, the body, and the lower pelorus
  • hydrochloric acid is secreted to digest food
A

Stomach

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11
Q
  • about 21 ft in length
  • take chyme from stomach
  • in order: duodenum, jejunum, ilium
  • used to complete digestion and absorb nutrients
A

Small intestine

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12
Q
  • 5-6 ft in length
  • four segments: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
  • reabsorption of water
A

Large intestine

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13
Q
  • function unknown
  • right lower quad
  • problem: if it fills with digestive materials it can become infected and cause appendicitis
A

Vermiform appendix

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14
Q
  • in the back part of upper abdomen
  • area is called coast vertebral angle
  • remove waste and drugs from the body
  • balance fluids
  • produces active vitamin d
  • controls production of RBCs
A

Kidney

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15
Q

Hollow muscular sac that stores urine

A

Bladder

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16
Q
  • pain, nausea, weight loss/gain, decrease/increase in appetite
  • pyrosis: indigestion/heartburn
  • dyspepsia: vague feeling of fullness and chest discomfort, indigestion, or burning in chest
  • GERD: motility disorder with heartburn and reflux of gastric content
A

Subjective data relating to alterations in abdominal system

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17
Q

AST, ALT, bilirubin, and ammonia

A

Assessment of the LIVER to obtain objective data

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18
Q

Amylase and lipase, and elevation of insulin

A

Assessment of the PANCREAS to obtain objective data

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19
Q

BUN and creatinine

A

Assessment of KIDNEYS to obtain objective data

20
Q
  • normoactive: 5 to 34 min
  • hypoactive: below 5
  • hyperactive: above 34
  • listen for full 3 to 5 mins before documenting absent
  • place patient in supine position and inspect, auscultate, and palpate
A

Assessment of BOWEL SOUNDS to obtain objective data

21
Q
  • vomit: what does it look like
  • distention: measuring abdomen
  • constipation or diarrhea
  • urination: color and amount
  • skin color: jaundice
A

Objective data of alteration in the abdominal system

22
Q
  • normal findings: symmetry, umbilicus midline, no visible peristalsis
  • abnormal findings: distension, abnormal peristalsis waves, aortic aneurysm, ascites (abnormal accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity)
A

Inspection of the abdominal skin

23
Q
  • start at RLQ
  • listen 3-5 mins before documenting no bowel sounds
  • normal: gurgling or roaming sounds; 5-34 clicks per min
  • abnormal: hyperactive/high pitch, hypoactive, and absent sounds; hyper is more than 34 and hypo is less than 5
A

Auscultation of abdominal

24
Q
  • not typically done
  • more advanced level assessment
  • listening to sound
A

Percussion of the abdomen

25
Q
  • light and deep
  • surface characteristics, tenderness, and enlarged organs or fluid in abdominal cavity
  • light: use finger pads on one hand, done on bladder to check for distention, press down about 1 in clockwise around entire abdomen, watch facial expressions
  • deep: non dominant hand on top of dominant hand, clockwise, 1.5-2 in deep using circular dipping motion
A

Palpitation of the abdomen

26
Q
  • if they complain of claustrophobia then notify MD
  • do not wear anything metal
A

Purpose of MRI

27
Q

Value of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

A

12 - 37 U/L

28
Q

Value of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

A

13 - 69 U/L

29
Q

Found in high concentration in the liver so if found outside the liver in high amounts it indicates liver damage

A

AST and ALT

30
Q
  • 19 - 60 mcg/dL
  • byproduct created when protein is broken down
A

Ammonia (NH3)

31
Q
  • 0 - 0.2 mg/dL
  • byproduct of RBC breakdown
  • indicates liver problems or increased RBC destruction
A

Bilirubin

32
Q
  • small sample taken of the liver
  • liver is very vascular, so assess the pt for bleeding after this procedure
  • will have a pressure dressing in place and may have to lie on the right side for a couple of hours
A

Liver Biopsy

33
Q
  • visual examination of the lining of the large intestine with a flexible fiber optic or video colonoscopy inserted into the anus and advanced to the ileocecal valve
  • make sure to follow the provider’s orders for prep before the procedure
  • monitor pts after for signs of perforation
A

Colonoscopy

34
Q
  • measures the amount, size, and shape of WBCs, RBCs, and platelets in the blood
  • measures hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
A

CBC

35
Q
  • radiographic examination of the large intestine (colon) after rectal instillation of barium sulfate (single-contrast technique) or barium sulfate and air (double contrast technique)
  • drink plenty of fluids to flush out contrast
A

Barium enema

36
Q
  • dx test involving either a surgical puncture or cavity aspiration of fluid for evaluation
  • performed to obtain samples of ascetic fluid for dx and therapeutic purposes by insertion of a grocer and cannula through the abdominal wall
  • may be done to relieve SOB associated with ascites
A

Paracentesis

37
Q
  • dx scanning test that utilizes technetium-99m or me rode in to visualize the gallbladder and to measure the gamma rays emitted from bile
  • determines latency of the biliary system
A

Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA)

38
Q
  • 0 - 130 U/L
  • made in the pancreas
A

Amylase

39
Q
  • 23 - 300 U/L
  • an enzyme created in the pancreas
A

Lipase

40
Q
  • 7 - 20 mg/dL
  • measures amount of urea in the blood
  • when protein is broken down, ammonia is formed — ammonia is converted to urea in the liver and is eventually excreted in the kidneys
A

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

41
Q
  • 0.7 - 1.4 mg/dL
  • byproduct of creatinine metabolism, and it is excreted by the kidneys
A

Creatinine (Cr)

42
Q

Stool colors

A
  • tarry black: upper GI bleed
  • red: lower GI bleed
43
Q
  • begin at age 45 for men and women
  • fecal occult blood test every year
  • flexible sigmoid every 5 years
  • colonoscopy every 10 years
  • CT colonoscopy every 5 years
  • high risk will be screened before 45 yrs old
A

Health promotion of abdominal disorder

44
Q
  • maintain healthy weight
  • eat healthy
  • limit alcohol
  • increase exercise
  • GERD - things backing up from stomach into esophagus
  • obesity
A

Risk reduction of abdominal disorder

45
Q
  • sleep with head of bed elevated
  • not eating 2 hrs before bed
  • avoid fried foods, citric, spicy food
  • meds such as histamine blockers and PPIs anti-acids
  • GERD can change mucosa of esophagus that can change to precancerous cells
A

Risk reduction of abdominal disorder

Nur203 (9 decks)

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