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Nur203 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q
  • size of a fist
  • 3 layers: endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
A

Heart

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2
Q

Fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

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3
Q

Chambers of the heart

A
  • right atrium
  • left atrium
  • right ventricle
  • left ventricle
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4
Q

Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

A

Right atria

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5
Q

Chamber of the heart that receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs

A

Left atria

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6
Q

Chamber of the heart that received blood from the right atria and pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

Right ventricle

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7
Q

Chamber of the heart that received blood from the left atrium and pumps blood to the aorta

A

Left ventricle

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8
Q

Structure of the heart that keeps blood flow going in one direction

A

Heart valves

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9
Q

Tricuspid valve on the right and Bicuspid (mitral) valve on the left

A

Atrioventricular valves

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10
Q

Pulmonic valve and aortic valve

A

Semilunar valves

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11
Q

Start of one heartbeat to the start of the next

A

Cardiac cycle

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12
Q

Ventricle contracts, blood is pumped out

A

Systole

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13
Q

Heart muscle relax and fills with blood

A

Diastole

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14
Q

Amount of blood the heart pumps out in 1 mi; pumps about 6L/min

A

Cardiac output

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15
Q
  • helps regulate normal cardiac rhythms
  • Sinoatrial (SA) node —> Atrioventricular (AV) node —> Bundle of His —> Purkinje fibers
A

Conduction system of the Heart

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16
Q
  • pacemaker of the heart
  • stimulates the heart to beat in normal rhythm
  • normal is 60-100 beats
A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

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17
Q

Takes over when the SA node isn’t working or when the pulse is below 60

A

Atrioventricular (AV) nodes

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18
Q

Heart sound is LUB
- AV valves closing

A

S1 heart sound

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19
Q

Heart sound is DUB
- semilunar valves closing

A

S2 heart sound

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20
Q
  • sounds like kentucky
  • directly after S2
  • faint, low pitched
A

S3 extra heart sound

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21
Q
  • sounds like tennessee
  • directly before S1
  • soft, low pitched
A

S4 extra heart sound

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22
Q
  • Pain
  • Chest pain: pressure or sharpness, nausea, shortness of breath, lightheaded, and dizziness
A

Subjective data of alternation in the cardiac system

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23
Q
  • heart sounds, listening for S1 and S2
  • VS are within WDL
  • Chest symmetry
  • Auscultate 5 heart sounds
  • Edema
  • Color changes (cyanosis)
A

Assessments to obtain objective data relating to cardiac system

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24
Q

2nd intercostal space at Righ sternal border

A

Aortic

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25
Q

2nd intercostal space at Left sternal border

A

Pulmonic

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26
Q

3rd intercostal space at Left sternal border

A

Erb’s point

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27
Q

4th intercostal space at Left sternal border

A

Tricuspid

28
Q

5th intercostal space, where you hear apical pulse

A

Mitral

29
Q
  • needs to be below 100
  • high level = thickening of the blood
  • takes from liver to walls of vessels
A

Low Density Lipoprotein
- bad cholesterol

30
Q

Needs to be above 60

A

High Density Lipoprotein
- good cholesterol

31
Q

Normal is below 150

A

Triglycerides

32
Q

Desire is less than 200

A

Total cholesterol

33
Q

Enzyme that will increase when cardiac tissue is damaged and starts to elevate 4-6 hrs after

A

Creatinine kinase-MB

34
Q

Proteins that re released when heart is damaged or ischemia
- detectable in 3-4 hrs, an d up to 7 days after onset of symptoms

A

Troponin

35
Q

Heart’s electrical conduction system

A

EKG

36
Q

Noninvasive to diagnose atherosclerosis, CFJ, aneurysm, enlarged heart, and shunting of blood

A

Echocardiogram

37
Q
  • leading cause of mortality and morbidity
  • number 1 killer of women
  • family history and genetics play a role
  • modifiable vs non-modifiable
  • african americans are at higher risk for heart disease and high BP
A

Health promotion and risk reductions for cardiac disorders

38
Q
  • reduce intake of saturated fats, cholesterol, sodium
  • reduce red meats, sugary beverages and food
  • increase fiber, whole grains, vegetables, beans, fruits, and nuts
  • maintain a healthy weight
  • moderate intake of alcohol
A

Health promotion and risk reduction for cardiac disorder

39
Q

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart after delivery oxygen to body tissues

A

Veins

40
Q

The only vein that carries oxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary vein

41
Q

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, out to the rest of the. body tissues

A

Arteries

42
Q

Maintain arterial pressure and perfusion by increasing and decreasing vessel diameter

A

Arterioles

43
Q

Smallest vessels in the body
- deliver oxygen to delicate tissues

A

Capillaries

44
Q

Smaller veins

A

Venules

45
Q

Pain, tingling sensation, and feeling of fullness

A

Subjective data to alterations in the peripheral vascular system

46
Q

1+ - slight pitting, 2mm, disappears rapidly
2+ - deeper pitting, 4mm, disappears after 10-15 secs
3+ - 6mm, lasts more than 1 min
4+ - 8mm, lasts 2-3 mins

A

Assessing edema

47
Q

3+ - increase
2+ - normal
1+ - weak and thready
0 - absent

A

Rating pulses

48
Q

Asses one at a time
- pulse is located at sternocleidomastoid

A

Carotid pulse

49
Q

Pulse at the write, side of the thumb

A

Radial pulse

50
Q

Pulse in the medial side of the antecubital fossa

A

Brachial pulse

51
Q

Pulse located near the groin, the crease between the hip and thigh

A

Femoral pulse

52
Q

Pulse located at the back of knee

A

Popliteal

53
Q

Pulse located on the first and second toes, above the foot

A

Dorsalis pedis

54
Q

Pulse between medial and malleolus and achilles tendon

A

Posterior tibial

55
Q
  • pallor (pale)
  • change in skin color
  • cool temp of skin
  • hair loss
  • shiny, smooth skin
  • non-healing wounds or ulcers
A

Tissue ischemia

56
Q
  • position pt in upright position, 30-45 degrees
  • if normal: no visible pulsation or distenntion
A

Jugular vein

57
Q
  • return to normal less than 2 secs after pressure
  • abnormal: greater than 2 secs
A

Capillary refill

58
Q
  • appear punched out round, smooth, week defined borders
  • located feet, ankles, skin, heels, tips of toes
  • sharp burning or throbbing pain
  • loss of hair around area
  • base of ulcer is brown, black, yellow
  • with our without necrotic tissue
  • minimal bleeding
A

Arterial insufficiency

59
Q
  • red or brown skin around ulcer
  • edema with fluid drainage
  • excoriation of skin
  • coarse, shiny, tight skin
  • pain may or may not be present
  • leg discomfort, cramps, burning sensation
A

Venous insufficiency

60
Q

Show how blood flows to many parts of the body
- tell width of blood vessel
- reveal any blockages

A

Duplex ultrasound

61
Q
  • check health of blood vessels and how blood flows through them
  • help dx/investigate several problems affecting blood vessels (atherosclerosis)
A

Angiograms

62
Q

Narrowing of the arteries
- at risk for stroke or heart attack

A

Atherosclerosis

63
Q
  • widen, blocked, or narrowed coronary arteries
  • term means using a balloon to stretch open a narrowed or blocked artery
  • after procedure: assess and check pulse below area, monitor for bleeding or hematoma formation or infection
A

Angioplasty

64
Q
  • family history
  • advancing age
  • smoking (cause vasoconstriction)
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • high BP and cholesterol
  • cultural (African Americans)
  • Oral contraceptive
A

Risk factors for peripheral vascular disease

65
Q
  • inspect feet daily
  • don’t go barefooted
  • eat low fat and low sugar
  • include at least 5 servings of fresh fruits and vegetables every day
  • exercise 30 mins a day
  • wear support hose
A

Health promotion and risk reduction for PVD

Nur203 (9 decks)

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