Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange Regulate Blood pH Contains smell receptors Filters inspired air Produces sounds Rids body of water/heat in expired air
The cardiovascular system and the respiratory system cooperate to supply ____ and eliminate ____
O2
CO2
What are the components of the respiratory system?
Nose Pharynx (throat) Larynx (voice box) Trachea (wind pipe) Bronchi Lungs
The upper respiratory system is composed of what parts?
Nose
Pharynx
Associated structures
The lower respiratory system is composed of what parts?
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchii
Lungs
What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?
Conduction portion
Respiratory portion
What are the functions of the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?
Conducting portion - filter, warm, moisten air and conduct it into lungs. Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Respiratory portion - tissues w/in lungs where gas exchange occurs. Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
What is Otorhinolaryngology?
Diagnosis and treatment of ears, nose and throat
What is pulmonology?
Diagnosis and treatment of disease of the lungs
The external nose is composed of __________ and _________ covered with muscle, skin and lined with a ___________
bony framework
hyaline cartilage
mucous membrane
The internal nose lies _______ to the nasal bone and ________ to the mouth
inferior
superior
The space within the internal nose is the ____.
nasal cavity
The anterior portion just inside the nostrils is called the ________.
vestibule
The _________ divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides
nasal septum
The _______ divide the nasal septum into groove-like passageways called the superior, middle and inferior meatuses.
conchae
The _________ line the superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum.
olfactory receptors
Mucous secreted by __________ moistens the air entering the nose and traps dust particles
goblet cells
____ move the mucous and trapped particles towards the pharynx to be swallowed or spit out
Cilia
The functions of the pharynx are ________
passageway for air and food
resonating chamber for speech sounds
houses the tonsils
The anatomical regions of the pharynx are _______
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
The ________ is the superior portion of the pharynx.
nasopharynx
Pharyngeal tonsils are located in the ________.
nasopharynx
Palatine and lingual tonsils are located in the __________.
Oropharynx
The larynx is ________
a short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea
During swallowing, the _______ closes off the glottis (vocal cords) and prevents food from entering the larynx and airways inferior to it.
epiglottis
What is cricoid cartilage?
A ring of cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx
The mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds- ________ and ________
ventricular folds
vocal folds
The _______ is anterior to the esophagus and extends from the larynx to the superior border of the 5th thoracic vertebra where it branches to form bronchi.
Trachea
What are the layers of the trachea?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia
A tracheostomy is _______
an operation to make an opening into the trachea
The bronchi are _____
air passageways connecting the trachea to the lungs
The ridge where the trachea branches into the right and left bronchi is the _________
carina
Bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi and eventually _____
bronchioles
The two layers of the pleural membrane of the lung are _______ and ________
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
The pleural cavity is filled with ________
Serous fluid
________ or _________ is an inflammation of the pleural membrane
Pleurisy
Pleuritis
The lungs are divided into lobes by _______
fissures
The right lung has __ lobes while the left lung has ___ lobes
3
2
Terminal bronchioles are called __________, which are subdivided into ___________.
respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
An _______ is a cup-shaped outpouching lined by simple squamous epithelium
alveolus
Type I alveolar cells provide ________ while Type II alveolar cells ________.
structure
secrete surfactant to lower suface tension of alveolar fluid
The alveolar walls and capillary walls form the ________
respiratory membrane
