Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the super system of the body?
Nervous system + Endocrine system together
The nervous system utilizes ________ to control body functions, while the endocrine system utilizes _________ to control body functions.
neurotransmitters
hormones
Neurotransmitters perform their action ________ to site of release.
close
Hormones usually perform their action _________ from their site of release
far
Nervous system acts upon _________.
muscle cells, glands and other neurons
The endocrine system acts upon ________.
virtually all cells of the body
In the nervous system, action typically occurs within _________ of neurotransmitter release.
milliseconds
In the endocrine system, action can take ________ to occur after release of hormone.
seconds to days
Duration of endocrine system action is _______ than duration of nervous system action.
greater
What are tropic hormones?
Hormones that trigger the release of other hormones
List functions of hormones.
Help regulate - chemical composition & volume of internal environment
- metabolism and energy balance
- contraction of smooth & cardiac muscle fibers
- glandular secretions
- some immune system activities
Control growth and development
Regulate operation of reproductive systems
Help establish circadian rhythms
The excess or deficiency of hormones may lead to __________ of hormone receptors.
Down/up regulation
Hormones can be divided into what chemical classes?
Lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones
List 3 lipid-soluble hormones
Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, Nitrous Oxide
List 3 water-soluble hormones
Eicosanoid hormones, amine hormones, peptide hormones
Water-soluble hormones bind to receptors on the _________
cell membrane
Lipid-soluble hormones are transported in the blood by ______ and bind to receptors on ___________.
transport proteins
nuclear membrane
What is the permissive effect of hormones?
The action of a 2nd hormone is required for 1st hormone to take effect
What is the synergistic effect of hormones?
the sum of the actions of the 2 hormones is greater than either hormone individually
What is the antagonistic effect of hormones?
one hormone opposes the actions of another
What regulates hormone secretion?
signals from nervous system, chemical changes in the blood, other hormones
