Lymphatic & Immune System

Question 1

What are pathogens?

Answer 1

Disease producing microbes such as bacteria and viruses

Question 2

Define resistance.

Answer 2

the ability to ward off damage or disease through our defenses

Question 3

Define susceptibility

Answer 3

lack of resistance or vulnerability

Question 4

What are the two types of resistance? How do they differ?

Answer 4

Nonspecific resistance provides immediate, but general protection against invaders
Specific resistance (immunity) develops in response to contact with a particular invader, occurs more slowly than nonspecific resistance and involves activation of specific lymphocytes

Question 5

List components of lymphatic & immune system.

Answer 5

Lymph fluid
Lymphatic vessels
Red bone marrow
Various structures containing lympthatic tissue

Question 6

What is the function of B cells in immune response?

Answer 6

B cells produce antibodies that recognize foreign cells

Question 7

What is the function of T cells in immune response?

Answer 7

T cells destroy the intruders

Question 8

List functions of the lymphatic & immune system

Answer 8

• Drain excess interstitial fluid
• Transport dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins
• Carry out immune response

Question 9

In the skin, lymphatic vessels generally follow ________ while lymphatic vessels of the viscera follow _________

Answer 9

veins

arteries

Question 10

__________ tissues lack lymphatic capillaries

Answer 10

Avascular

Question 11

What are lacteals?

Answer 11

Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that carry dietary lipids

Question 12

Lymph passes from lymph trunks into what two main channels?

Answer 12

thoracic duct

right lymphatic duct

Question 13

The left lymphatic duct receives lymph from _______

Answer 13

head, neck, chest, left upper limb, and the entire body inferior to the ribs

Question 14

The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from _________

Answer 14

the upper right side of the body

Question 15

The lymphatic ducts drain into the ________

Answer 15

subclavian veins

Question 16

Many components of blood plasma freely flow through the capillaries to form _________

Answer 16

interstitial fluid

Question 17

Excess interstitial fluid drains into ______

Answer 17

lymphatic capillaries

Question 18

List the sequence of fluid flow from the blood capillaries to the lymphatic system

Answer 18

blood capillaries > interstitial spaces > lymphatic capillaries > lymphatic vessels > lymphatic ducts > subclavian veins

Question 19

The respiratory pump returns lymph via what mechanism?

Answer 19

descending/elevating of the lungs/diaphragm

Question 20

What are primary lymphatic organs?

Answer 20

sites where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent (red bone marrow, thymus)

Question 21

What are secondary lymphatic organs?

Answer 21

sites where most immune responses occur (lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules

Question 22

Pre-t cells migrate from the bone marrow to the ________ and mature into T cells here

Answer 22

Thymus

Question 23

The outer cortex of lymph nodes contains _____

Answer 23

aggregates of B cells

Question 24

The inner cortex of lymph nodes contains ________

Answer 24

primarily T cells

Question 25

The medulla of lymph nodes contains _________

Answer 25

B cells, antibody producing plasma cells and macrophages

Question 26

Metastasis is ___________

Answer 26

the spread of disease from one part of the body to another

Question 27

The __________ is the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue

Answer 27

Spleen

Question 28

___________ is more likely to occur due to loss of the filtering and phagocytosis of the spleen

Answer 28

Sepsis (blood infection)

Question 29

Immunocompetence is ________

Answer 29

the ability to carry out immune responses

Question 30

The first line of nonspecific resistance is ________

Answer 30

skin and mucous membranes

Question 31

The second line of nonspecific resistance is __________

Answer 31

internal defenses - antimicrobial proteins, natural killer cells and phagocytes, inflammation, fever