Lymphatic & Immune System Flashcards
What are pathogens?
Disease producing microbes such as bacteria and viruses
Define resistance.
the ability to ward off damage or disease through our defenses
Define susceptibility
lack of resistance or vulnerability
What are the two types of resistance? How do they differ?
Nonspecific resistance provides immediate, but general protection against invaders Specific resistance (immunity) develops in response to contact with a particular invader, occurs more slowly than nonspecific resistance and involves activation of specific lymphocytes
List components of lymphatic & immune system.
Lymph fluid
Lymphatic vessels
Red bone marrow
Various structures containing lympthatic tissue
What is the function of B cells in immune response?
B cells produce antibodies that recognize foreign cells
What is the function of T cells in immune response?
T cells destroy the intruders
List functions of the lymphatic & immune system
- Drain excess interstitial fluid
- Transport dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins
- Carry out immune response
In the skin, lymphatic vessels generally follow ________ while lymphatic vessels of the viscera follow _________
veins
arteries
__________ tissues lack lymphatic capillaries
Avascular
What are lacteals?
Specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that carry dietary lipids
Lymph passes from lymph trunks into what two main channels?
thoracic duct
right lymphatic duct
The left lymphatic duct receives lymph from _______
head, neck, chest, left upper limb, and the entire body inferior to the ribs
The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from _________
the upper right side of the body
The lymphatic ducts drain into the ________
subclavian veins
Many components of blood plasma freely flow through the capillaries to form _________
interstitial fluid
Excess interstitial fluid drains into ______
lymphatic capillaries
List the sequence of fluid flow from the blood capillaries to the lymphatic system
blood capillaries > interstitial spaces > lymphatic capillaries > lymphatic vessels > lymphatic ducts > subclavian veins
The respiratory pump returns lymph via what mechanism?
descending/elevating of the lungs/diaphragm
What are primary lymphatic organs?
sites where stem cells divide and become immunocompetent (red bone marrow, thymus)
What are secondary lymphatic organs?
sites where most immune responses occur (lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic nodules
Pre-t cells migrate from the bone marrow to the ________ and mature into T cells here
Thymus
The outer cortex of lymph nodes contains _____
aggregates of B cells
The inner cortex of lymph nodes contains ________
primarily T cells
The medulla of lymph nodes contains _________
B cells, antibody producing plasma cells and macrophages
Metastasis is ___________
the spread of disease from one part of the body to another
The __________ is the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue
Spleen
___________ is more likely to occur due to loss of the filtering and phagocytosis of the spleen
Sepsis (blood infection)
Immunocompetence is ________
the ability to carry out immune responses
The first line of nonspecific resistance is ________
skin and mucous membranes
The second line of nonspecific resistance is __________
internal defenses - antimicrobial proteins, natural killer cells and phagocytes, inflammation, fever
