Nervous Tissue

Question 1

What structures make up the Central Nervous System?

Answer 1

Brain & spinal cord

Question 2

What structures make up the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 2

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, sensory receptors, somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, enteric nervous system

Question 3

The spinal cord connects to the brain via what opening in the skull?

Answer 3

Foramen magnum

Question 4

Afferent neurons are involved in what nervous system function?

Answer 4

sensory function - send sensory signals to the brain

Question 5

Efferent neurons are involved in what nervous system function?

Answer 5

Motor function - brain sends signal to these neurons to act

Question 6

What are cells contacted by efferent neurons called?

Answer 6

Effectors

Question 7

Interneurons are involved in what function?

Answer 7

integrative function - spinal cord and brain level - signal relay

Question 8

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 8

12 pairs

Question 9

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 9

31 pairs

Question 10

Describe what happens when the sympathetic nervous system is active

Answer 10

increased heart rate, blood vessels of digestive system vasoconstrict, pupils dilate, blood vessels to muscles vasodilate

Question 11

Which part of the PNS is involuntary?

Answer 11

autonomic nervous system - breathing, heart beat

Question 12

The autonomic nervous system consists of what two subdivisions?

Answer 12

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 13

What is the function of enteric motor neurons?

Answer 13

govern contraction of the GI tract

Question 14

List the general functions of neurons

Answer 14

sensing, thinking, remembering, controlling muscular activity, regulating glandular secretions

Question 15

What is the function of neuroglia?

Answer 15

nourish, support and protect neurons

Question 16

What are dendrites of a neuron?

Answer 16

the receiving (input) portion of the neuron

Question 17

What is the function of a neuronal axon?

Answer 17

propagate impulses toward another neuron, muscle fiber or gland cell

Question 18

What is the function of synpatic end bulbs?

Answer 18

store and release neurotransmitter

Question 19

Define synapse

Answer 19

site of communication between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell

Question 20

Describe the structure of multipolar neurons

Answer 20

one axon, many dendrites

Question 21

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 21

form the blood/brain barrier

Question 22

What is the function of oligodendroctyes?

Answer 22

form myelin in the CNS

Question 23

What is the function of microglia?

Answer 23

Responsible for phagocytosis in the CNS

Question 24

What is the function of ependymal cells?

Answer 24

Form cerebrospinal fluid

Question 25

What is the function of Schwann cells?

Answer 25

Form myelin in the PNS

Question 26

What is the function of satellite cells?

Answer 26

Repair peripheral neurons

Question 27

What is the function of the myelin sheath on an axon?

Answer 27

Form segments of insulation to increase speed of nerve impulse conduction

Question 28

What is the average resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Answer 28

-70mV

Question 29

Name the 4 types of ion channels

Answer 29

Ligand-gated channel, leakage channel, voltage-gated channel, mechanically gated channel

Question 30

Describe the electrochemical gradient

Answer 30

An electrical difference and a concentration difference across a membrane

Question 31

What is the threshold for action potentials?

Answer 31

-55mV