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Anatomy 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Define digestion

A

the process of breaking down food into molecules that are small enough to enter the body cells

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2
Q

Define absorption

A

the passage of molecules (from digested food) through the plasma membrane of cells lining the stomach and intestines into the blood and lymph

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3
Q

Define ingestion

A

the process of taking food/liquids into the mouth

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4
Q

Define defecation

A

the elimination of substances not absorbed after digestion through the anus

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5
Q

Define feces

A

the eliminated material in defecation

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6
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum?

A

the membrane that lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

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7
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum?

A

The membrane that lines some of the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

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8
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

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9
Q

What is ascites?

A

distention in the peritoneal cavity caused by fluid accumulation

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10
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

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11
Q

What is mastication?

A

chewing

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12
Q

Define bolus

A

a soft, flexible mass of food that is easily swallowed

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13
Q

Define peristalsis.

A

a progression of coordinated contractions and relaxations that pushes the food bolus down the esophagus toward the stomach

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14
Q

What is chyme?

A

a soupy liquid mixture of saliva, food and gastric juice formed in the stomach

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15
Q

What is emesis?

A

vomiting

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16
Q

List the components of the digestive system in sequential order (of digestion)

A 
Mouth (oral cavity) - teeth, tongue
Salivary glands
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Gall Bladder
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
cecum
Ascending colon 
Transverse colon
Descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anus
17
Q

What are the three classes of digestive enzymes?

A

Protease, lipase, amylase

18
Q

What substances in the digestive system are absorbed into the capillaries and which are absorbed into lacteals?

A

Capillaries - Water-soluble substances, B vitamins, vitamin C, amino acids, mono/disacharrides

Lacteals - fatty acids, triglycerides, vitamins A,D,E,K

19
Q

What are the major salivary glands?

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

20
Q

Gastroenterology deals with the ________

A

structure, function, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ST and Intestines

21
Q

Proctology deals with the ________

A

diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus

22
Q

Accessory digestive organs include the ________

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

23
Q

What are the layers of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

24
Q

Which layer of the GI tract contains capillaries and lacteals to receive absorbed molecules?

A

Mucosa

25
Q

The storehouse for fat in the abdomen is the _______

A

greater omentum

Anatomy 2 (13 decks)

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