CV System: The Heart

Question 1

The heart beats ______ times every day

Answer 1

100,000

Question 2

The heart is located in the ________.

Answer 2

Mediastinum

Question 3

What is the pericardium?

Answer 3

Membrane that surrounds the heart

Question 4

The outer layer of the pericardium that is composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue is the _________.

Answer 4

Fibrous pericardium

Question 5

The thinner, more delicate layer of the pericardium is the _________.

Answer 5

Serous pericardium

Question 6

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 6

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

Question 7

_________ lies in between the parietal layer and visceral layer in the __________ cavity.

Answer 7

Pericardial fluid

pericardial

Question 8

What are the layers of the heart wall?

Answer 8

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 9

What are the chambers of the heart?

Answer 9

Left/right atrium,
Left/right ventricle
Sulci

Question 10

The right atrium receives _________ blood from three veins:_______, ________, and _______

Answer 10

deoxygenated
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

Question 11

The right ventricle pumps blood through the _______ into the ________

Answer 11

pulmonary valve

pulmonary arteries

Question 12

The left atrium receives blood from the (organ) ________ through the _________.

Answer 12

lungs

pulmonary veins

Question 13

The right atrium and right ventricle are connected by the _________.

Answer 13

tricuspid valve

Question 14

The left atrium and left ventricle are connected by the _________.

Answer 14

bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

Question 15

Pulmonary veins supply _________ blood to the heart

Answer 15

oxygenated

Question 16

Which ventricle has a thicker wall? Why?

Answer 16

Left ventricle, pumps blood a greater distance than the right at higher pressures

Question 17

What are the semilunar valves?

Answer 17

aortic valve

pulmonary valve

Question 18

Stenosis is a failure of the heart valve to _____

Answer 18

open fully

Question 19

Insufficiency is failure of a valve to _____.

Answer 19

close fully

Question 20

The coronary arteries branch from the _______.

Answer 20

ascending aorta

Question 21

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 21

a large bascular sinus on the posterior surface of the heart

Question 22

_________ are larger and more numerous in cardiac muscle fiber

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

_______ allow for propagation of action potentials across branched cardiac muscle fibers

Answer 23

Gap junctions

Question 24

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 24

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 25

What is the atrioventricular (AV) node?

Answer 25

site where action potentials are conducted from the atria to the ventricles

Question 26

Autorhythmic fibers are ________

Answer 26

self-excitable cardiac muscle fibers that maintain the heart's continuous beating

Question 27

Systole is ________

Answer 27

the phase of contraction

Question 28

Diastole is _________

Answer 28

the phase of relaxation

Question 29

Heart Sounds: S1 is described as the _____ sound, and is caused by closure of the _____ valves after ventricular ______ begins.

Answer 29

lubb atrioventricular (AV) systole

Question 30

Heart Sounds: S2 is described as the _____ sound, and is caused by closure of the _____ valves after ventricular ______ begins.

Answer 30

dupp semilunar diastole

Question 31

CHF can lead to pulmonary edema when the ____ ventricle fails

Answer 31

left

Question 32

CHF can lead to peripheral edema when the _____ ventricle fails

Answer 32

right

Question 33

Define tachycardia

Answer 33

elevated resting heart rate

Question 34

Define bradycardia

Answer 34

resting heart rate under 60 bpm