CV System: The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart beats ______ times every day

A

100,000

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2
Q

The heart is located in the ________.

A

Mediastinum

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3
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Membrane that surrounds the heart

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4
Q

The outer layer of the pericardium that is composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue is the _________.

A

Fibrous pericardium

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5
Q

The thinner, more delicate layer of the pericardium is the _________.

A

Serous pericardium

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6
Q

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

A

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

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7
Q

_________ lies in between the parietal layer and visceral layer in the __________ cavity.

A

Pericardial fluid

pericardial

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8
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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9
Q

What are the chambers of the heart?

A

Left/right atrium,
Left/right ventricle
Sulci

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10
Q

The right atrium receives _________ blood from three veins:_______, ________, and _______

A

deoxygenated
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

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11
Q

The right ventricle pumps blood through the _______ into the ________

A

pulmonary valve

pulmonary arteries

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12
Q

The left atrium receives blood from the (organ) ________ through the _________.

A

lungs

pulmonary veins

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13
Q

The right atrium and right ventricle are connected by the _________.

A

tricuspid valve

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14
Q

The left atrium and left ventricle are connected by the _________.

A

bicuspid valve (mitral valve)

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15
Q

Pulmonary veins supply _________ blood to the heart

A

oxygenated

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16
Q

Which ventricle has a thicker wall? Why?

A

Left ventricle, pumps blood a greater distance than the right at higher pressures

17
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

aortic valve

pulmonary valve

18
Q

Stenosis is a failure of the heart valve to _____

A

open fully

19
Q

Insufficiency is failure of a valve to _____.

A

close fully

20
Q

The coronary arteries branch from the _______.

A

ascending aorta

21
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

a large bascular sinus on the posterior surface of the heart

22
Q

_________ are larger and more numerous in cardiac muscle fiber

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

_______ allow for propagation of action potentials across branched cardiac muscle fibers

A

Gap junctions

24
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

25
Q

What is the atrioventricular (AV) node?

A

site where action potentials are conducted from the atria to the ventricles

26
Q

Autorhythmic fibers are ________

A

self-excitable cardiac muscle fibers that maintain the heart’s continuous beating

27
Q

Systole is ________

A

the phase of contraction

28
Q

Diastole is _________

A

the phase of relaxation

29
Q

Heart Sounds: S1 is described as the _____ sound, and is caused by closure of the _____ valves after ventricular ______ begins.

A

lubb
atrioventricular (AV)
systole

30
Q

Heart Sounds: S2 is described as the _____ sound, and is caused by closure of the _____ valves after ventricular ______ begins.

A

dupp
semilunar
diastole

31
Q

CHF can lead to pulmonary edema when the ____ ventricle fails

A

left

32
Q

CHF can lead to peripheral edema when the _____ ventricle fails

A

right

33
Q

Define tachycardia

A

elevated resting heart rate

34
Q

Define bradycardia

A

resting heart rate under 60 bpm