CV System: The Heart Flashcards
The heart beats ______ times every day
100,000
The heart is located in the ________.
Mediastinum
What is the pericardium?
Membrane that surrounds the heart
The outer layer of the pericardium that is composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue is the _________.
Fibrous pericardium
The thinner, more delicate layer of the pericardium is the _________.
Serous pericardium
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
_________ lies in between the parietal layer and visceral layer in the __________ cavity.
Pericardial fluid
pericardial
What are the layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
What are the chambers of the heart?
Left/right atrium,
Left/right ventricle
Sulci
The right atrium receives _________ blood from three veins:_______, ________, and _______
deoxygenated
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
The right ventricle pumps blood through the _______ into the ________
pulmonary valve
pulmonary arteries
The left atrium receives blood from the (organ) ________ through the _________.
lungs
pulmonary veins
The right atrium and right ventricle are connected by the _________.
tricuspid valve
The left atrium and left ventricle are connected by the _________.
bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
Pulmonary veins supply _________ blood to the heart
oxygenated
Which ventricle has a thicker wall? Why?
Left ventricle, pumps blood a greater distance than the right at higher pressures
What are the semilunar valves?
aortic valve
pulmonary valve
Stenosis is a failure of the heart valve to _____
open fully
Insufficiency is failure of a valve to _____.
close fully
The coronary arteries branch from the _______.
ascending aorta
What is the coronary sinus?
a large bascular sinus on the posterior surface of the heart
_________ are larger and more numerous in cardiac muscle fiber
Mitochondria
_______ allow for propagation of action potentials across branched cardiac muscle fibers
Gap junctions
What is the pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
What is the atrioventricular (AV) node?
site where action potentials are conducted from the atria to the ventricles
Autorhythmic fibers are ________
self-excitable cardiac muscle fibers that maintain the heart’s continuous beating
Systole is ________
the phase of contraction
Diastole is _________
the phase of relaxation
Heart Sounds: S1 is described as the _____ sound, and is caused by closure of the _____ valves after ventricular ______ begins.
lubb
atrioventricular (AV)
systole
Heart Sounds: S2 is described as the _____ sound, and is caused by closure of the _____ valves after ventricular ______ begins.
dupp
semilunar
diastole
CHF can lead to pulmonary edema when the ____ ventricle fails
left
CHF can lead to peripheral edema when the _____ ventricle fails
right
Define tachycardia
elevated resting heart rate
Define bradycardia
resting heart rate under 60 bpm
