Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are the 4 major parts of the brain?
Brain Stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Cerebrum
Where is the brain stem located?
Between the brain and spinal cord
What are the regions of the brain stem?
Medulla oblongata, Pons, Midbrain
Where is the cerebellum located?
Posterior to the brain stem
Where is the diencephalon located?
superior to the brain stem
Where is the cerebrum located?
superficial to the diencephalon
What is the largest part of the brain?
Cerebrum
What are the regions of the diencephalon?
Epithalamus, Thalamus, Subthalamus, Hypothalamus
What is the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
The brain consumes about ___% of the oxygen and glucose in the blood while at rest
20
What are the layers of the cranial meninges?
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
What is the outermost layer of the cranial meninges?
Dura mater
_________ protects the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injuries
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Where does the CSF circulate?
in the subarachnoid space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
_______ separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
Falx cerebri
_______ separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
Falx cerebelli
________ separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
tentorium cerebelli
What are the functions of CSF?
Mechanical protection, chemical protection, circulation
Where is CSF formed?
ventricles of the brain
What is hydrocephalus?
Poor drainage of CSF causing pressure buildup
The brain stem governs autonomic nervous system function which regulates _______.
Heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Smooth out movements
The post-central gyrus of the cerebrum is the primary ________ area.
somatosensory
the pre-central gyrus of the cerebrum is the primary ________ area.
motor
The epithalamus contains the pineal gland with secretes _________.
melatonin
What are the functions of the hypothalamus?
regulates emotional and behavioral patterns, regulates circadian rhythms, regulates eating and drinking behavior, produces hormones oxytoxin and ADH.
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe
List brain injuries in order of descending severity
Laceration, contusion, concussion
The occipital lobe governs_______.
visual processing
Aphasia is ___________.
an inability to use or comprehend words.
List the 12 cranial nerves (use mnemonic device)
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Auditory (Vestibulocochlear) Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal
what is the mnemonic for type of cranial nerve?
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most
S=sensory, M=motor, B=both
