respiratory system Flashcards
what is O2
o2nis essential in livig organism as it is used in metabolism
what is the upper respiratory system
the nose , nasal cavity, mouth throat andvoice box
lower respiratory
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
what is the conducting zone
this is a rigid structure which conducts air to the sit of gaseous exchange and cleanses, humidifies warms air
what is the respiratory zone
this is the actual site of gaseous exhnage, includes respiratory bronchioles , alveolur ducts and alveoli
why does nose run on cold days
as on cold days cillary movement is slow , so more mucus remains in nasal cavity
relationship betwen respiratory system and cardiovascular system
diffusion is important but cells of body are too far away from the lungs so a transport systen Cardiovascular system is required to get gases to and from lungs
what is the external part of respiratory system
nose
what are the two nasal cavities?
oflactory mucosa and respiratory mucosa
how much mucus secreted daily
1 litre
what do muscus contain?
lysozomes to kill bacteria , microbes
what are the paranasal sinuses
they are found attached to nasal cavities and will warm and moisten air
what is the pharnyx
its a tube for air and food
the main pharnyx
attaches to nose- nasopharnyx
attached oral- oropharnyx
attaches to larnyx-larnygopharnyx
function of larnyx
it is the voice box top of trachea
it diverts food into the oesophagus and air into the trachea with the use of epiglottis which is a lid cover the air way when swallowing food
if swallowed accidentally it will be coughed.
the trachea
it descends from the larnyx passes through neck and extends into bronchi
it contains c shaped ring cartillage to prevent it collapsing
the bronchi?
the trachea divides into two bronchi
primary , secondary, tertiary
right primary more wider a so if inhaled a foreign object it will most likely go to the right side
cartilage plates for support but absent in bronchioles
smooth muscles
brocnhi and and abit of trachea contain smooth muscle which contain nerves of the autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system are sympathetic or parasymypathetic nerves
- along the trachea and first few brances of bronchioles it contains B2adrenorecepter and these are stimulated by sympathetic nerves. these increase diameter allowing more air to get in.
they cause bronchodilation
parasympathetic stimulate musacrinic receptors type 3 diameter is decreased.
bronchoconstriction
alveoli?
provide a huge surface area for gas exchange
what are alveoli walls lined up with
they are lined up thin layer of cells called type 1 squamous alveolar cells and type alveolur cells.
what reduces surface tension of alveolar fluid
fluid called surfactant across air side surface and stops it from collapsing
what is a pleura
thin double double layered serosal membrane which forms a closed sac
where are the parietal , visceral and pleural found?
viscela = external of the lung, inner layer
parietal=lines the thoracic wall, diaphragms and heart the first layer
pleaural =between the two
what does pleurae produce?
they produce pleural fluid which acts as a lubricant to allow lungs to easily move during breathing.
