respiratory system

Question 1

what is O2

Answer 1

o2nis essential in livig organism as it is used in metabolism

Question 2

what is the upper respiratory system

Answer 2

the nose , nasal cavity, mouth throat andvoice box

Question 3

lower respiratory

Answer 3

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli

Question 4

what is the conducting zone

Answer 4

this is a rigid structure which conducts air to the sit of gaseous exchange and cleanses, humidifies warms air

Question 5

what is the respiratory zone

Answer 5

this is the actual site of gaseous exhnage, includes respiratory bronchioles , alveolur ducts and alveoli

Question 6

why does nose run on cold days

Answer 6

as on cold days cillary movement is slow , so more mucus remains in nasal cavity

Question 7

relationship betwen respiratory system and cardiovascular system

Answer 7

diffusion is important but cells of body are too far away from the lungs so a transport systen Cardiovascular system is required to get gases to and from lungs

Question 8

what is the external part of respiratory system

Answer 8

nose

Question 9

what are the two nasal cavities?

Answer 9

oflactory mucosa and respiratory mucosa

Question 10

how much mucus secreted daily

Answer 10

1 litre

Question 11

what do muscus contain?

Answer 11

lysozomes to kill bacteria , microbes

Question 12

what are the paranasal sinuses

Answer 12

they are found attached to nasal cavities and will warm and moisten air

Question 13

what is the pharnyx

Answer 13

its a tube for air and food
the main pharnyx
attaches to nose- nasopharnyx
attached oral- oropharnyx
attaches to larnyx-larnygopharnyx

Question 14

function of larnyx

Answer 14

it is the voice box top of trachea
it diverts food into the oesophagus and air into the trachea with the use of epiglottis which is a lid cover the air way when swallowing food
if swallowed accidentally it will be coughed.

Question 15

the trachea

Answer 15

it descends from the larnyx passes through neck and extends into bronchi
it contains c shaped ring cartillage to prevent it collapsing

Question 16

the bronchi?

Answer 16

the trachea divides into two bronchi
primary , secondary, tertiary
right primary more wider a so if inhaled a foreign object it will most likely go to the right side
cartilage plates for support but absent in bronchioles

Question 17

smooth muscles

Answer 17

brocnhi and and abit of trachea contain smooth muscle which contain nerves of the autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system are sympathetic or parasymypathetic nerves
- along the trachea and first few brances of bronchioles it contains B2adrenorecepter and these are stimulated by sympathetic nerves. these increase diameter allowing more air to get in.
they cause bronchodilation

parasympathetic stimulate musacrinic receptors type 3 diameter is decreased.
bronchoconstriction

Question 18

alveoli?

Answer 18

provide a huge surface area for gas exchange

Question 19

what are alveoli walls lined up with

Answer 19

they are lined up thin layer of cells called type 1 squamous alveolar cells and type alveolur cells.

Question 20

what reduces surface tension of alveolar fluid

Answer 20

fluid called surfactant across air side surface and stops it from collapsing

Question 21

what is a pleura

Answer 21

thin double double layered serosal membrane which forms a closed sac

Question 22

where are the parietal , visceral and pleural found?

Answer 22

viscela = external of the lung, inner layer
parietal=lines the thoracic wall, diaphragms and heart the first layer
pleaural =between the two

Question 23

what does pleurae produce?

Answer 23

they produce pleural fluid which acts as a lubricant to allow lungs to easily move during breathing.