muscle contractions:

Question 1

what are muscles for

Answer 1

muscles can contract or relax or can lengthen after being streched out
muscle cells covert atP into mechanical energy

Question 2

3 types of muscle?

Answer 2

cardiac , skeletal, and smooth

Question 3

skeletal muscle function

Answer 3

head production
muscle and posture tone
movement

it also attaches to the fascia , skin or bone, striated can see the light and dark bands wiht microscope
it is controlled voluntary - whenever we wants out muschle to work it will send signal from our brain

Question 4

what happens during voluntary muscular movement

Answer 4

they are usually smooth , tremor and jerk free and muscles dont work alone but in teams

Answer 5

for movement . muscle pulls on bones and as muscle fibres shorten the bones to which they are attached move closer
insertion bone usually moves

Question 6

how do movements occur

Answer 6

for movements to occur the muscle needs to work as agonist and antagonist
as the muscle which which is actively contracting is an agonist and the muscle which is relaxing and lengthening is an antagonist.

Question 7

what happens to your arm when youre lifting weight

Answer 7

the bicep is contracting as you are lifting the weight so its the agonist however the tricep is relaxing so its the antagonist

Question 8

What is a primer move

Answer 8

when muscles contract and the one muscle that is mostly causing the movements is called a primer move

Question 9

what is a synergist

Answer 9

other muscles which are helping the primer move

Question 10

what is a concentric?

Answer 10

this occurs when the length of the muscle shorten as tension is being generated

Question 11

eccentric?

Answer 11

muscles lengthens as tension is being generated

Question 12

isotonic?

Answer 12

muscles changes length whist generating tension

Question 13

isometric?

Answer 13

muscle do not change length whilst generating tension

Question 14

what are type 1 muscle fribres?

Answer 14

slow twitch fibres and resist fatigue. largely found in postural muscles as they can hold position for longer periods.
they are oxidative and aerobic in nature and also contains lots of mitochondria and myoglobin.

Question 15

type IIb fibres?

Answer 15

are anaerobic and glycolytic.
they can produce rapid forceful contractions but fatigue very quickly .
they do not contain much myolglobin or mitochondria. mostly used for running, sprinting( fast twitch fibres)
appear white due to low myoglobin

Question 16

type IIa fibres?

Answer 16

they have many mitochondria and many of myoglobins , however known as fast twitch fibers contract and break down atp very quickly.
less resistant to fatigue than type 1
red

Question 17

what do muscles produce when contracting

Answer 17

muscles produce heat when contracting , shivering helps maintain body temperature when cold to maintain temperatures

Question 18

what happens during excerise

Answer 18

when you lose heat or sweat this reduces the risk of muscles overheating and losing its function.

Question 19

what is a cardiac muscle?

Answer 19

this forms the contractile tissue of the heart.
striated muscles
under involuntary control and autorhytmic.

Question 20

what is a smooth muscle?

Answer 20

this is found in GI tract, walls of arteries, arterioles, venules , veins
non striated
involuntary control

Question 21

what are the properties of muscles?

Answer 21

1. excitability
   2.. conductivity
   3.contractility
2. extensibility
3. elasticity

Question 22

properties of skeletal muscle

Answer 22

they contain multiple nuclei, multinucleated
they are covered with a sarcolemma

Question 23

what does sarcoplasm have

Answer 23

it contains lots of glycogen

Question 24

what are t tubules

Answer 24

transerve tubules which run deep into the cells
they allows action potential to travel rapidly into the cell and also spread it evenly

Question 25

what are myofibrils

Answer 25

they are made up of many sacromeres joint up together in chains
contractile part of muscle cell

Question 26

what is the H zone

Answer 26

this only covers part of the thick filament
and doesnt cover the entirely of the thick filament

Question 27

what is A band

Answer 27

it covers thin filament and a portion of thick filament too

Question 28

what is the i band

Answer 28

it stretches over 2 sacromeres and only covers the thin filament

Question 29

what is the z line

Answer 29

they are a boundry line of the sacromere
and give it a striated look

Question 30

what protien is thick and thin filaments made from

Answer 30

thick- myosin
thin- actin

Question 31

what do actins contains

Answer 31

they contain sites to which mysoin heads attach to
they have a strand called tropomyosin it spirals around the actin and a troponin which binded to acting and tropomyosin

Question 32

what are myosin

Answer 32

they contain myosin head which contain Atp
they attach to the binding site of the actin

Question 33

what are synaptic clefts filled with

Answer 33

basal lamina glyco protien

Question 34

what are circular muscle fibres:

Answer 34

they are arranged in cocentric rings ,

Question 35

convergend

Answer 35

wide orgin and converges towards a single tendon

Question 36

parralel

Answer 36

long axis of the muscle runs parallel to the long axis of the muscle.

Question 37

pennate.

Answer 37

muscle bundles which are short and attach to a central tendon

Question 38

how many bones do humans have

Answer 38

206
axial skeleton contains 80 bones

Question 39

what is the purpose of joints :

Answer 39

these are sits where two or more bones meet
it holds the skeleton together
and gives skeleton flexibilit