Respiratory System Flashcards
What are 2 major functions of the respiratory system?
1) Taking in oxygen for your body’s cells to use
2) Removing carbon dioxide from the body
What is the trachea?
Main airway to lungs
What is the pharynx?
The throat
Where does oxygen enter the bloodstream?
Alveoli
What is the larynx?
Voice box
What is the epiglottis?
A flap over the larynx to block food from entering the trachea
What are alveoli?
Tiny air sacs in the lungs
Where is the trachea located?
Below the larynx, connecting to the bronchi
Where is the pharynx located?
From the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx. Back of the mouth
Where is the larynx located?
Between the pharynx and windpipe
Where are the lungs located?
In the thoracic cavity
Where are bronchi located?
In the lungs
Where are alveoli located?
At the end of bronchioles
Where are cillia and what is their function?
Cillia are in the trachea of non-smokers and they sweep mucus and debris to the pharynx to be swallowed
What is the function of the pharynx?
Carries air, food, and fluid down from the nose and mouth
What is the function of the larynx?
Voice, and contains epiglottis to stop food from entering windpipe
What is the function of the lungs?
Gas exchange
What is the function of bronchi?
Bring air in and out of lungs
What is the function of the alveoli?
The site of gas exchange between blood and the atmosphere
What does the diaphragm do when you inhale?
Contracts and moves downwards
What does the rib cage do when you inhale?
Move upwards and outwards
What part of ventilation requires ATP?
Inhalation
What does the diaphragm do when you exhale?
Relaxes, and moves upwards
What does the rib cage do when you exhale?
Moves downwards and inwards
What part of ventilation does NOT require ATP?
Exhalation
Air pressure inside the lungs INCREASES when you…
Exhale
Air pressure inside the lungs DECREASES when you…
Inhale
What divides the nasal cavity?
The septum
What gases are exchanged in the lungs?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
How does carbon dioxide bind to hemoglobin, in comparison to oxygen?
It binds 250x stronger and is irreversible
How does carbon dioxide bind to hemoglobin, in comparison to oxygen?
It binds 250x stronger and is irreversible
What is the diaphragm?
A skeletal muscle that separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity
Where is the diaphragm located?
Below the lungs
What structures make up the upper respiratory tract?
The nares, septum, nasal cavities, and pharynx
What structures make up the lower respiratory tract?
The trachea, the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
How many lobes are in either lung?
The right lung has 3 lungs, and the left lung has 2 lobes
Why does the left lung have fewer lobes than the right?
To make space for the heart, which tilts leftwards
What surrounds alveoli?
Blood capillaries
What are the 2 ways breathing is controlled?
Nervous and chemical
What is external respiration?
Gas exchange between the air and blood
What is internal respiration?
Gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells
Where does external respiration occur?
The pulmonary circuit
Where does internal respiration occur?
The systemic circuit
