Bio Intro Flashcards
What does structure determine?
The function
How are our bodies organized? (Hierarchy)
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms
What parts of the hierarchy of the body are nonliving?
Atoms and molecules
What parts of the hierarchy of the body are living?
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the organism
What is the cell?
The basic unit of life
What are emergent properties?
When every new level of organization has characteristics that were not present in the prior level
What is homeostasis?
The ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the body despite outside changes
What 2 systems are key to homeostasis?
The nervous and endocrine systems
What is a stimulus?
A sensor that monitors a variable
What does a control center do?
It knows a set-point, interprets input, makes a decision, and sends a command
What is a response?
An effector that changes a variable
What is a negative feedback loop?
A response that counter-acts a stimulus
What is a positive feedback loop?
A response that reinforces a stimulus
What are 3 general nervous system functions?
Control center for homeostasis, direct movement of the body, and communication between body parts
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
Regulating homeostasis by producing hormones
What are 4 main functions of the skeletal system?
Framework for the body, move the body (with muscles), protect organs, and store minerals
What is the function of skeletal muscle in the muscular system?
Regulate body temperature, and move bones
What is the function of cardiac muscle in the muscular system?
Move the heart
What is the function of smooth muscle in the muscular system?
Moves hollow organs
What are 2 main functions of the digestive system?
Break down food and absorb nutrients
What are 2 main functions of the respiratory system?
Allows gas exchange with the environment, and helps regulate blood pH
What does the cardiovascular system transport, and where?
Oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body, and carbon dioxide and nitrogen waste away from the tissues
What does the cardiovascular system help regulate?
Fluid balance in tissues, and body temperature
What is the main function of the urinary system?
Filter blood, removing nitrogen-containing wastes
What does the urinary system help regulate?
Blood pH and blood volume
What is the main function of the immune system?
Protect against pathogens
What are 3 main functions of the lymphatic system?
Protect against pathogens, maintain fluid balance, and absorb & transport fats
What are 3 main functions of the integumentary system?
Protect the body from the outside world, eliminate metabolic waste, and regulate body temperature
What is the function of the reproductive system, and how many types are there?
2 types of reproductive systems, which both function to produce offspring
