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Biology > Digestive System (note - go back into notes and finish the extra stuff to know) > Flashcards

Digestive System (note - go back into notes and finish the extra stuff to know) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion and absorption of nutrients

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

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3
Q

What are 3 functions of the large intestine?

A

Absorbing water, absorbing vitamins, and forming and ridding the body of feces

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4
Q

What type of digestion begins in the mouth?

A

Mechanical

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5
Q

What structure allows for food and air to pass through?

A

The pharynx

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6
Q

In what order does food pass through your body?

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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7
Q

What are 2 main roles of the liver?

A

Make plasma proteins and cholesterol, and make bile salts

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8
Q

Where is food emulsified by bile?

A

The small intestine

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9
Q

What is pepsin?

A

An enzyme that breaks down proteins

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10
Q

How is food able to move through the digestive tract?

A

Propulsion

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11
Q

What are the 2 phases of swallowing?

A

Voluntary and involuntary

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12
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Involuntary rhythmic contractions leading down to the stomach

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13
Q

Where does most of the digestive process occur?

A

In the small intestine

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14
Q

What is chyme?

A

A semi-fluid paste of food particles mixed with gastric juice, formed by peristalsis

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15
Q

What is bile?

A

A liquid that emulsifies fats

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16
Q

Where is bile found?

A

The small intestine

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17
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

In the liver

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18
Q

What secretes bile?

A

The gallbladder

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19
Q

What are the names of the wrinkles in the stomach?

A

Rugae

20
Q

What does the stomach absorb?

A

Alcohol, caffeine, some drugs, and some vitamins

21
Q

Is the large or the small intestine wider?

A

The large intestine is wider

22
Q

What is lipase?

A

A pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids or glycerol

23
Q

Where is the pharynx?

A

Connecting to the nasal and oral cavities, it is above the esophagus

24
Q

Where is the esophagus?

A

Connecting to the pharynx, it is the “throat”

25
Q

Where is the liver?

A

The top left, touching the stomach

26
Q

Where is the gallbladder?

A

In the liver

27
Q

Where is the stomach?

A

Next to the liver

28
Q

Where is the pancreas?

A

In the middle, somewhat overlapping w/ the stomach

29
Q

Where is the large intestine?

A

The snake looking part surrounding the small intestine

30
Q

What are the divisions of the large intestine?

A

The ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum

31
Q

Where is the anus?

A

The lowest point in the tract

32
Q

Where is the appendix?

A

The bottom of the ascending colon

33
Q

Where is the small intestine?

A

Surrounded by the large intestine

34
Q

What is the topmost part of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum

35
Q

What is the middle part of the small intestine?

A

The jejunum

36
Q

What is the lowest part of the small intestine?

A

The ileum

37
Q

What are the 5 steps of the digestive process?

A

Ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination

38
Q

What are the 4 layers of the GI tract, from innermost to outermost?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

39
Q

What cavity is the digestive system mostly in?

A

The ventral cavity, within the abdominopelvic cavity

40
Q

What lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Serous membrane called the peritoneum

41
Q

What are 3 functions of the stomach?

A

Store food, start digestion of proteins, and move chyme into the small intestine

42
Q

Where does chemical digestion start?

A

In the stomach

43
Q

Where does chemical digestion end?

A

In the small intestine

44
Q

How do you get heartburn?

A

The sphincter muscles in the esophagus relax at the wrong time and stomach acid gets up

45
Q

What organ makes cholesterol?

A

The liver

46
Q

What organ makes and secretes insulin?

A

The pancreas

Biology (22 decks)

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