Digestive System (note - go back into notes and finish the extra stuff to know) Flashcards
What are the main functions of the digestive system?
Digestion and absorption of nutrients
What are the 2 types of digestion?
Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
What are 3 functions of the large intestine?
Absorbing water, absorbing vitamins, and forming and ridding the body of feces
What type of digestion begins in the mouth?
Mechanical
What structure allows for food and air to pass through?
The pharynx
In what order does food pass through your body?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
What are 2 main roles of the liver?
Make plasma proteins and cholesterol, and make bile salts
Where is food emulsified by bile?
The small intestine
What is pepsin?
An enzyme that breaks down proteins
How is food able to move through the digestive tract?
Propulsion
What are the 2 phases of swallowing?
Voluntary and involuntary
What is peristalsis?
Involuntary rhythmic contractions leading down to the stomach
Where does most of the digestive process occur?
In the small intestine
What is chyme?
A semi-fluid paste of food particles mixed with gastric juice, formed by peristalsis
What is bile?
A liquid that emulsifies fats
Where is bile found?
The small intestine
Where is bile produced?
In the liver
What secretes bile?
The gallbladder
What are the names of the wrinkles in the stomach?
Rugae
What does the stomach absorb?
Alcohol, caffeine, some drugs, and some vitamins
Is the large or the small intestine wider?
The large intestine is wider
What is lipase?
A pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids or glycerol
Where is the pharynx?
Connecting to the nasal and oral cavities, it is above the esophagus
Where is the esophagus?
Connecting to the pharynx, it is the “throat”
Where is the liver?
The top left, touching the stomach
Where is the gallbladder?
In the liver
Where is the stomach?
Next to the liver
Where is the pancreas?
In the middle, somewhat overlapping w/ the stomach
Where is the large intestine?
The snake looking part surrounding the small intestine
What are the divisions of the large intestine?
The ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum
Where is the anus?
The lowest point in the tract
Where is the appendix?
The bottom of the ascending colon
Where is the small intestine?
Surrounded by the large intestine
What is the topmost part of the small intestine?
The duodenum
What is the middle part of the small intestine?
The jejunum
What is the lowest part of the small intestine?
The ileum
What are the 5 steps of the digestive process?
Ingestion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination
What are the 4 layers of the GI tract, from innermost to outermost?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa
What cavity is the digestive system mostly in?
The ventral cavity, within the abdominopelvic cavity
What lines the abdominopelvic cavity?
Serous membrane called the peritoneum
What are 3 functions of the stomach?
Store food, start digestion of proteins, and move chyme into the small intestine
Where does chemical digestion start?
In the stomach
Where does chemical digestion end?
In the small intestine
How do you get heartburn?
The sphincter muscles in the esophagus relax at the wrong time and stomach acid gets up
What organ makes cholesterol?
The liver
What organ makes and secretes insulin?
The pancreas
