Chem Intro

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

What is energy?

Answer 2

The ability to do work

Question 3

What is work?

Answer 3

Changing the form of position of matter

Question 4

What are the 3 states matter can exist as?

Answer 4

Solid, liquid, or gas

Question 5

What is the difference between different states of matter?

Answer 5

The speed of particles and the distance between them

Question 6

What is an element?

Answer 6

A naturally occurring building block of matter

Question 7

What is matter composed of?

Answer 7

Atoms

Question 8

What elements are responsible for life?

Answer 8

SPONCH - Sulfur, phosphorous, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen

Question 9

What are organic molecules? What do they form?

Answer 9

Molecules containing 2 or more bonds between carbon and hydrogen. These form all living things

Question 10

What are atoms made of?

Answer 10

Subatomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 11

What is atomic mass?

Answer 11

The total number of protons and neutrons

Question 12

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 12

+1

Question 13

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 13

0

Question 14

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 14

-1

Question 15

Where is a proton located?

Answer 15

The nucleus

Question 16

Where is a neutron located?

Answer 16

The nucleus

Question 17

Where is an electron located?

Answer 17

The orbitals

Question 18

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 18

1 amu

Question 19

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 19

1 amu

Question 20

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 20

0 amu

Question 21

The forces generated by attraction and repulsion get smaller when?

Answer 21

When the distance increases

Question 22

The forces generated by attraction and repulsion get larger when?

Answer 22

When the number of charges increases

Question 23

Like charges…

Answer 23

Repel

Question 24

Opposite charges…

Answer 24

Attract

Question 25

When is an atom most stable?

Answer 25

When the innermost shell has 2 electrons, and then if the next shell(s) have all 8 electrons

Question 26

How many electrons can every shell hold?

Answer 26

2 for the innermost, 8 for every subsequent one

Question 27

What is the smaller number of a periodic table square representing?

Answer 27

The atomic number

Question 28

What is the larger number of a periodic table square representing?

Answer 28

The atomic mass

Question 29

What is the atomic number?

Answer 29

The number of protons

Question 30

In an electrically neutral atom, how can you find the number of electrons?

Answer 30

It will be equal to the number of protons

Question 31

What is an isotope?

Answer 31

Atoms of the same element, with the same number of protons, but different mass and number of neutrons

Question 32

What determines the identity of an element?

Answer 32

The atomic number, or number of protons

Question 33

What is a molecule?

Answer 33

A chemical unit formed when 2 or more atoms are bound together during a chemical reaction

Question 34

Why do atoms form bonds?

Answer 34

To get a full outer shell and be more stable

Question 35

What is the most important requirement for a bond to form?

Answer 35

Electron compatibility

Question 36

What are the 2 basic types of bonds?

Answer 36

Ionic and covalent

Question 37

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 37

Atoms give up/take in electrons to get a full outer shell

Question 38

When an atom LOSES an electron, does it become negative or positive?

Answer 38

Positive

Question 39

When an atom GAINS an electron, does it become negative or positive?

Answer 39

Negative

Question 40

What is a cation?

Answer 40

Any positive ion

Question 41

What is an anion?

Answer 41

Any negative ion

Question 42

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 42

When atoms share electrons

Question 43

What is a polar bond?

Answer 43

In a covalent bond, when electrons are not shared equally between the participating atoms. One end is slightly positive, the other is slightly negative

Question 44

What is a non-polar bond?

Answer 44

In a covalent bond, when the electrons are shared equally with every atom in the bond

Question 45

What type of bond are water molecules?

Answer 45

Polar (and covalent)

Question 46

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 46

An attraction between molecules resulting from opposite areas of partial charge

Question 47

From strongest to weakest, list the types of chemical bonds

Answer 47

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 48

Intramolecular bonds include...

Answer 48

Ionic and covalent bonds

Question 49

Intermolecular bonds include...

Answer 49

Hydrogen bonds

Question 50

What are acids?

Answer 50

Substances that release hydrogen ions and take up hydroxide ions (More H+, less OH-)

Question 51

What are bases?

Answer 51

Substances that release hydroxide ions and take up hydrogen ions (Less H+, more OH-)

Question 52

What is a buffer?

Answer 52

A substance that minimizes changes in pH by soaking up excess H+ and OH- ions