Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What artery carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart?
The pulmonary artery
What is another name for bicuspid valve?
Mitral valve or left atrioventricular valve
In what order does a RBC pass through the chambers of the heart?
Right atrium -> right ventricle -> left atrium -> left ventricle
What are some formed elements of blood?
Erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and platelets
What are NOT formed elements of blood?
Antibodies
What type of blood vessel has a one-way valve?
Veins
What is a valve and what does it do?
A flap in veins that prevents backwards flow of blood
What are the layers of the heart, from outermost to innermost?
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
What is the function of arteries?
Carry blood away from the heart
What is the function of arterioles?
Small arteries
What is the function of capillaries?
Location where blood exchanges nutrients, wastes, and gases with tissue
What is the function of venules?
Drains blood from capillaries and joins to form veins
What is the function of veins?
Carry blood towards the heart
What is a cardiac cycle?
The beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next
What layer of the heart is the thickest?
Myocardium
What layer of the heart is the thinnest?
Endocardium
When the body is infected, what type of blood cell increases?
White blood cells (leukocytes)
What type of blood cell is most numerous in the body?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
What would a microscopic image of a blood cell look like?
The platelets would be tiny, RBCs would be circles, and WBCs would be a different shape with a sort of translucent layer
What is lymph?
A fluid formed from excess tissue fluid
Do lymphatic vessels have valves?
Yes
What divides the heart into 2 separate pumping systems?
The septum
What is the purpose of heartstrings?
They hold the atrioventricular valves in place for the heart to pump blood
What are circuits of blood?
Transportation loops linked by capillaries
Where does the pulmonary circuit bring blood?
From the heart, to the lungs, and back
Where does the systemic circuit bring blood?
From the heart, to the rest of the body, and back
What is the lifespan of a red blood cell?
About 110-120 days
What causes a heart murmur?
Leaky atrioventricular and semilunar valves
When the apex is pointing right, where is the right atrium?
Top left
When the apex is pointing right, where is the right ventricle?
Bottom left
When the apex is pointing right, where is the left atrium?
Top right
When the apex is pointing right, where is the left ventricle?
Bottom right
What is systolic pressure?
It is higher, and occurs when the heart ejects the blood
What is diastolic pressure?
It is lower, and occurs when the heart ventricles are relaxing
In what type of blood vessel does blood run the quickest?
In the aorta/arteries
What do valves in veins look like?
Little moons on either side of a vein’s inner walls
In what type of blood vessel is blood pressure the highest?
Large arteries
What is the term for the upper chambers of the heart?
Atria
What is the term for lower chambers of the heart?
Ventricles
Which artery takes blood from the ventricles to the lungs?
The main pulmonary artery
How does oxygen rich blood get pumped to different parts of the body?
The heart
What causes a heartbeat?
The sinus node sends electrical signals to make the heart muscles contract
What is the largest vein in the body?
The vena cava
What are 4 functions of plasma?
Help your body recover from injury, distribute nutrients, remove waste, and prevent infection
What is a lymphocyte?
A type of WBC that fights bacteria
What is a phagocyte?
A type of WBC that engulfs and kills foreign cells
What is an erythrocyte?
A red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the function of platelets?
Clump together to form a clot and stop bleeding
Do red blood cells have a nucleus when they are mature?
No
What type of blood cell has the red pigment hemoglobin?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
