Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Naris (sl.)/Nares (pl.)/Nostril

A

The opening into the nasal passages from the outside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nasal Septum

A

The partition that divides the nasal cavity into two passageways.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nasal conchae

A

The three projections arising from the lateral walls of each nostril- increases the surface area of the nasal cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mucosa/Mucous membranes

A

The lining that lines or covers the nasal passages to trap foreign particles, warm and moisten the air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cilia

A

Microscopic hair-like processes projecting from the surface of the epithelial (mucosal) cells. Meant to sweep particles trapped by the mucous backward into the throat. NOT NASAL HAIR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pharynx

A

The area below the nasal cavities that is common to both the digestive and respiratory systems. (a musculo-membranous tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Superior portion of the pharyngeal cavity that lies behind the nasal cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oropharnyx

A

The middle portion of the pharyngeal cavity that lies behind the mouth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Larygopharynx

A

The inferior portion of the pharyngeal cavity. It opens into the larynx anteriorly and continues as the esophagus posteriorly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Larnyx

A

The scientific name for the voice box.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epiglottis

A

The leaf-shaped structure that helps to prevent the entrance of food into the trachea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trachea

A

The windpipe, 4 inches long, one inch wide, has c-shaped cartilaginous rings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bronchi (Bronchus)

A

One of the two branches formed by division of the trachea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bronchioles

A

Smaller branches of the bronchi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

Microscopic branches of the bronchioles that lead into the air sacs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alveoli(pl.)/Alveolus(sl.)

A

Microscopic air sacs found at the terminal ends of the duct (air passages) system. The respiratory structure involved in gas exchange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lungs

A

The organ of respiration. Where diffusion takes place. Contains bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pleura

A

The serous membrane around each lung. A double membrane sac consists of the parietal (outside) and the visceral (inside) with the pleural cavity filled with pleural fluid in between each membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

The space between the parietal and visceral membrane filled with pleural fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura. Dry pleurisy (pain associated with friction between the membranes as they rub together) or Pleurisy with Effusion (increase in the amount of fluid in the pleural cavity).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

During respiration, we change pressure in the thoracic cavity by the movement of the diaphragm. Air goes from high pressure to low pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diaphram

A

A dome-shaped muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Inhalation

A

The phase of pulmonary ventilation in which the diaphragm contracts and draws air into the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Exhalation

A

The phase of pulmonary ventilation in which air is expelled from alveoli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Gas Exchange

A

Takes place in the alveoli or air sacs (functional unit of the respiratory system) inside the lung.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

Controls your diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Spirometer

A

A diagnostic device that measures the amount of air you are able to breathe in or out and the time it takes to completely exhale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Diffusion

A

The process by which oxygen moves from the blood to the tissues.

29
Q

Gas Transport -Oxygen

A

Oxygen- 97% in systemic arteries/pulmonary vein, 70% in systemic vein/pulmonary artery, oxygen binds to iron portion of the hemoglobin molecule, each hemoglobin molecule can transport 4 oxygen molecules, oxygen-hemoglobin bods is broken when oxygen is transported to areas of low oxygen.

30
Q

Bicarbonate ions

A

Seventy percent of carbon dioxide is transported in the body as bicarbonate ions.

31
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Causes the carbon dioxide levels in the blood to decrease.

32
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Causes the oxygen levels in the blood to decrease.

33
Q

Hyperpnoea

A

Increase in the depth and rate of respiration

34
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary cessation of breathing

35
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing.

36
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing, relieved by sitting in an upright position.

37
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish color of skin due to reduction of oxygen content in the blood.

38
Q

Hypoxia/Anoxia

A

Reduced oxygen supply to tissues.

39
Q

Suffocation

A

Cessation of respiration caused by the blockage of respiratory passages.

40
Q

Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen in inspired air.

41
Q

Polyps

A

Tumors which obstruct the air passages.

42
Q

Epistaxis

A

A nose bleed.

43
Q

Common Cold

A

A common upper respiratory infection caused by a virus. Antibiotics are ineffective.

44
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the alveoli- viral or bacterial.

45
Q

Influenza

A

Viral in origin. Flu (influenza) is an infection of the nose, throat and lungs, which are part of the respiratory system. Influenza is commonly called the flu, but it’s not the same as stomach “flu” viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting

46
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Bacterial in origin. Caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick

47
Q

Asthma

A

A constriction of the bronchial branches in the lungs.

48
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi.

49
Q

Emphysema

A

A serious lung disorder that is characterized by the destruction of the alveoli.

50
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of the lungs, is responsible for the death of many premature newborn infants.

51
Q

Lung Cancer

A

A cancer primarily caused by smoking that presents as a chronic cough, excessive production of mucous, vasoconstriction and an increase of gastric secretions including hydrochloric acid.

52
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase

A

The enzyme that converts CO2 to HCO3-

53
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood- part of Hypoxemia

54
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low Oxygen in the blood- part of Hypoxemia

55
Q

Acid-Base balance (pH)

A

Carbon dioxide is the important for proper acid-base balance in the body (increase in CO2 decreases pH, decrease in CO2 increases pH)

56
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Give input to the medulla located in the aorta and carotid arteries and CO2 is the most important factor.

57
Q

Carbonic Acid

A

H2CO3

58
Q

Pneumothorax

A

The presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.

59
Q

Surfactant

A

A mixture of fat and proteins made in the lungs

60
Q

Respiration

A

The action of breathing.

61
Q

Ventilation

A

The movement of air into and out of the lungs.

62
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A

A gas that has a greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen.

63
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The substance that carries most of the oxygen in the blood.

64
Q

Conchae

A

The three projections arising from the lateral walls of each nostril.

65
Q

Basal Metabolic respiratory rate

A

12-18 respirations/minute

66
Q

Gas Transport- Carbon Dioxide

A

10% Carbon Dioxide in plasma, 20% attached to hemoglobin, 70% transported as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), CO2 is produced in the tissue and diffuses to the RBCs, Inside RBCs enzymes convert CO2 to HCO3-.

67
Q

Allergy- Hay Fever

A

Also called allergic rhinitis, causes cold-like symptoms. These may include a runny nose, itchy eyes, congestion, sneezing and sinus pressure. But unlike a cold, hay fever isn’t caused by a virus. Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to a harmless outdoor or indoor substance the body identifies as harmful (allergen).

68
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Includes Hypercapnia (excessive CO2) and Hypoxia (low O2)

69
Q

Paranasal sinus

A

Hollow, air-filled spaces in the bones around the nose.

Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions