Integumentary (Skin) System Flashcards
The functions of the skin
Protection from infection and dehydration, Temperature regulation and Sensory perception
Two major layers of the skin
Epidermis and Dermis
Epidermis
The outermost layer consisting of sheets of epithelial cells. Epidermis contains MELANIN but no nerves or blood vessels. STRATUM CORNEUM-layer that propels water and consists of dead skin cells that are shed, STRATUM GRANULOSUM-keratin produced here, main protein of skin, prevents water loss. STRATUM SPINOSUM-provides strength and flexibility of the skin STATUM BASALE-deepest layer of the epidermis
Is the skin an organ?
Yes, because it contains glands, blood vessels, nerves, a layer of tissue which covers the body and subcutaneous layer that connects the skin to surface muscles which all work together.
Dermis
A dense network of fibrous and elastic connective tissue. The Dermis contains blood vessels, nerve endings (5 SENSORY), glands and hair follicles.
What are the 5 Sensory nerve endings found in the Dermis
Pain, Touch, Temperature (Hot and Cold), Pressure
Subcutaneous tissue
A layer consisting of fatty (adipose) tissue that serves as insulation, a storage site for energy and connects the skin to the surface muscles. HYPODERMIS
What two glands are found in the skin?
Sudoriferous and Sebaceous
Sudoriferous Glands
Are coiled, tube-like structures that open at a pore on the skins surface. Located in the Dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Function is to regulate body temperature. ECCRINE GLANDS-skin, palms and soles of feet APOCRINE GLANDS-hair follicles
Sites of Sudoriferous Glands or Modified Sudoriferous Glands
Armpits, Groin, Ear, Mammary glands
Sebaceous Glands
Sac-like structures found in the DERMIS. Have ducts that open into hair follicles that secrete SEBUM, which lubricates the skin and hair.
Hair Follicle
A tiny pocket located in the DERMIS from which the hair grows. The root of the hair is at the base of the follicle which has a blood supply.
Hard Keratin
A protein found in the hair and hails. Hard keratin is chemically different and need to be cut.
Soft Keratin
Covers the surface of the epidermis and sloughs off.
Melanin
A black colored pigment found in the epidermis
Ceruminous Gland
A Sudoriferous gland found in the ear the secretes ear wax called CERUMEN.
Hair
Made of hard keratin and modified dead epidermal tissue
Sebum
An oily substance that functions to lubricate the skin and hair, prevents drying
Skin sensation not lost to anesthesia
Pressure
Effects of medications on skin
dry skin, pigmentation, rashes, hives, lesions, peeling, blistering, burning, stinging, fever and chills
Melanocytes
Melanin is produced in the melanocytes located in the epidermis. Melanocytes are located within the STRATUM BASALE of the epidermis.
Blood vessels respond to heat
Blood vessels dilate
Blood vessels respond to cold
Blood vessels constrict
Pallor
(Pale) caused by poor circulation
Anemia
(Anemic) Due to the lack of RBCs or hemoglobin or both. Low iron?
Jaudice
Due to the accumulation of bile in the bloodstream which si then deposited into the tissue fluid
Cyanosis
Due to the lack of oxygen in the bloodstream
Albino
Absent of pigmentation in the skin, hair, eyes. ALBINISM is a congenital disorder which occurs because of the lack of the pigment MELANIN.
Freckles
Extra patches of coloring (or pigment MELANIN) under your skin. Doctors call them ephelides.
Alopecia
Baldness
Antipyretic
Used to control fever
Pathogen
A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
Erythema
Redness
Normal Bacterial flora
A diverse microbial flora is associated with the skin and mucous membranes of every human being from shortly after birth until death
Fever
An abnormal rise of body temperature, occurs most often in the presence of infection and is a normal body reaction. LOW GRADE= 100.4 F/38 C , MODERATE FEVER 102.2 F/39 C and HIGH FEVER 104 F/40C
Phagocytosis
The process by which certain body cells such as WBCs, surround, engulf and digest bacteria and other foreign bodies.
Most effective method of preventing the spread of disease
Medical asepsis, handwashing, hygiene
Chronic disease that cause abnormal changes in nail development
Heart Disease, Diabetes, Malnutrition, Anemia
Skin Pigments
Melanin, Carotene
Carcinogenic
Constant over exposure to suns rays can create abnormal skin cells
Basal Condition
When the body is at rest
Sunburn
Results from the over exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays. erythema (redness), swelling, skin tenderness and blisters.
Acne
A disorder of the sebaceous glands. Acne vulgaris often affects adolescence. The infection of the oil glands characterized by formation of pimples and blackheads.
Impetigo
An acute contagious skin disease caused by Staphylococci or Streptococci may be extremely serious in infants and young children.
Melanoma
A malignant growth of epithelial cells, a form of cancer. Consistent exposure to the sun may result in skin cancer.
Athlete’s Foot
A disorder of the toes and feet. Caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Lesions have scaling borders and cause the layers of skin to peel.
Shingles
A viral infection due to the reactivation of chicken pox infection (varicella zoster virus). Vesicular lesions are produced usually at the sites along the nerves.
Decubitus ulcers
Bedsores, areas of necrotic (dead) skin and ulcerations of the subcutaneous tissue
Burns
FIRST DEGREE-Superficial
SECOND DEGREE- Superficial Partial Thickness/Deep Partial thickness
THIRD DEGREE- Full Thickness
Cuticle
Thin layer of dead cells that form a seal between the nail plate and the nail root.
Nail Root
Germinal matrix that has a white crescent area known as the LUNULA, produces the volume of the nail
Keratinocytes
Growing layer of skin cells
Nail plate
Actual fingernail, composed of hard keratin
Arrector pili
A muscle attached to the hair follicle that raises the hair
Cicatrix
Scar
Exfoliation
Loss of cells from the surface of tissue
Follicle
A sac or cavity
Keloid
A mass or raised area that results from excessive production of scar tissue
Scar
Fibrous connective tissue that replaces normal tissue
Lesion
Wound or injury
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Non contagious can have signs and symptoms of Erythema (redness), Vesicles (blisters), Papules (pimples) and crusting of the skin. Caused by irritants (soaps, detergents, fabrics) or Allergies (Antibiotics, plants, metals)
Bile Pigments
A yellow colored pigment results from Bile production in the liver
Carotene (pigment)
A pigment related to Vitamin A and stored in fatty tissue
Hemoglobin
A pigment that carries oxygen in the blood
Pustule
A surface lesion. Vesicle filled with pus. Pimples
Macule
A surface lesion. Flat spot. Age or liver spots
Papule
A surface type lesion. Raised area. Hives
Vesicle
A surface type lesion. Blister sac. Blisters
Ulcer
A deeper lesion. Sore or a hole.
Fissures
A deeper leasion. Cut.
Rule of Nines for Burns
Head/Neck 9%, Upper limbs 9%, Trunk 36%, Genitalia 1%, Lower limbs 18%
Vitiligo
Depigmentation of skin
Psoriasis
Chronic , recurrent overgrowth of epidermis
Viral Infections of the skin
Herpes, Human papillomavirus (HPV)-warts, Herpes Zoster virus- Shingles
Fungal Infections
Tinea or Ringworm
Allergy and Immune disorders of the skin
Hives, pemphigus (separation of epidermal skin), lupus erythematous, scleroderma
