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Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy > Integumentary (Skin) System > Flashcards

Integumentary (Skin) System Flashcards

1
Q

The functions of the skin

A

Protection from infection and dehydration, Temperature regulation and Sensory perception

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2
Q

Two major layers of the skin

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

The outermost layer consisting of sheets of epithelial cells. Epidermis contains MELANIN but no nerves or blood vessels. STRATUM CORNEUM-layer that propels water and consists of dead skin cells that are shed, STRATUM GRANULOSUM-keratin produced here, main protein of skin, prevents water loss. STRATUM SPINOSUM-provides strength and flexibility of the skin STATUM BASALE-deepest layer of the epidermis

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4
Q

Is the skin an organ?

A

Yes, because it contains glands, blood vessels, nerves, a layer of tissue which covers the body and subcutaneous layer that connects the skin to surface muscles which all work together.

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5
Q

Dermis

A

A dense network of fibrous and elastic connective tissue. The Dermis contains blood vessels, nerve endings (5 SENSORY), glands and hair follicles.

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6
Q

What are the 5 Sensory nerve endings found in the Dermis

A

Pain, Touch, Temperature (Hot and Cold), Pressure

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7
Q

Subcutaneous tissue

A

A layer consisting of fatty (adipose) tissue that serves as insulation, a storage site for energy and connects the skin to the surface muscles. HYPODERMIS

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8
Q

What two glands are found in the skin?

A

Sudoriferous and Sebaceous

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9
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Are coiled, tube-like structures that open at a pore on the skins surface. Located in the Dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Function is to regulate body temperature. ECCRINE GLANDS-skin, palms and soles of feet APOCRINE GLANDS-hair follicles

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10
Q

Sites of Sudoriferous Glands or Modified Sudoriferous Glands

A

Armpits, Groin, Ear, Mammary glands

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11
Q

Sebaceous Glands

A

Sac-like structures found in the DERMIS. Have ducts that open into hair follicles that secrete SEBUM, which lubricates the skin and hair.

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12
Q

Hair Follicle

A

A tiny pocket located in the DERMIS from which the hair grows. The root of the hair is at the base of the follicle which has a blood supply.

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13
Q

Hard Keratin

A

A protein found in the hair and hails. Hard keratin is chemically different and need to be cut.

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14
Q

Soft Keratin

A

Covers the surface of the epidermis and sloughs off.

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15
Q

Melanin

A

A black colored pigment found in the epidermis

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16
Q

Ceruminous Gland

A

A Sudoriferous gland found in the ear the secretes ear wax called CERUMEN.

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17
Q

Hair

A

Made of hard keratin and modified dead epidermal tissue

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18
Q

Sebum

A

An oily substance that functions to lubricate the skin and hair, prevents drying

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19
Q

Skin sensation not lost to anesthesia

A

Pressure

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20
Q

Effects of medications on skin

A

dry skin, pigmentation, rashes, hives, lesions, peeling, blistering, burning, stinging, fever and chills

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21
Q

Melanocytes

A

Melanin is produced in the melanocytes located in the epidermis. Melanocytes are located within the STRATUM BASALE of the epidermis.

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22
Q

Blood vessels respond to heat

A

Blood vessels dilate

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23
Q

Blood vessels respond to cold

A

Blood vessels constrict

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24
Q

Pallor

A

(Pale) caused by poor circulation

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25
Q

Anemia

A

(Anemic) Due to the lack of RBCs or hemoglobin or both. Low iron?

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26
Q

Jaudice

A

Due to the accumulation of bile in the bloodstream which si then deposited into the tissue fluid

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27
Q

Cyanosis

A

Due to the lack of oxygen in the bloodstream

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28
Q

Albino

A

Absent of pigmentation in the skin, hair, eyes. ALBINISM is a congenital disorder which occurs because of the lack of the pigment MELANIN.

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29
Q

Freckles

A

Extra patches of coloring (or pigment MELANIN) under your skin. Doctors call them ephelides.

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30
Q

Alopecia

A

Baldness

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31
Q

Antipyretic

A

Used to control fever

32
Q

Pathogen

A

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

33
Q

Erythema

A

Redness

34
Q

Normal Bacterial flora

A

A diverse microbial flora is associated with the skin and mucous membranes of every human being from shortly after birth until death

35
Q

Fever

A

An abnormal rise of body temperature, occurs most often in the presence of infection and is a normal body reaction. LOW GRADE= 100.4 F/38 C , MODERATE FEVER 102.2 F/39 C and HIGH FEVER 104 F/40C

36
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process by which certain body cells such as WBCs, surround, engulf and digest bacteria and other foreign bodies.

37
Q

Most effective method of preventing the spread of disease

A

Medical asepsis, handwashing, hygiene

38
Q

Chronic disease that cause abnormal changes in nail development

A

Heart Disease, Diabetes, Malnutrition, Anemia

39
Q

Skin Pigments

A

Melanin, Carotene

40
Q

Carcinogenic

A

Constant over exposure to suns rays can create abnormal skin cells

41
Q

Basal Condition

A

When the body is at rest

42
Q

Sunburn

A

Results from the over exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays. erythema (redness), swelling, skin tenderness and blisters.

43
Q

Acne

A

A disorder of the sebaceous glands. Acne vulgaris often affects adolescence. The infection of the oil glands characterized by formation of pimples and blackheads.

44
Q

Impetigo

A

An acute contagious skin disease caused by Staphylococci or Streptococci may be extremely serious in infants and young children.

45
Q

Melanoma

A

A malignant growth of epithelial cells, a form of cancer. Consistent exposure to the sun may result in skin cancer.

46
Q

Athlete’s Foot

A

A disorder of the toes and feet. Caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Lesions have scaling borders and cause the layers of skin to peel.

47
Q

Shingles

A

A viral infection due to the reactivation of chicken pox infection (varicella zoster virus). Vesicular lesions are produced usually at the sites along the nerves.

48
Q

Decubitus ulcers

A

Bedsores, areas of necrotic (dead) skin and ulcerations of the subcutaneous tissue

49
Q

Burns

A

FIRST DEGREE-Superficial
SECOND DEGREE- Superficial Partial Thickness/Deep Partial thickness
THIRD DEGREE- Full Thickness

50
Q

Cuticle

A

Thin layer of dead cells that form a seal between the nail plate and the nail root.

51
Q

Nail Root

A

Germinal matrix that has a white crescent area known as the LUNULA, produces the volume of the nail

52
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Growing layer of skin cells

53
Q

Nail plate

A

Actual fingernail, composed of hard keratin

54
Q

Arrector pili

A

A muscle attached to the hair follicle that raises the hair

55
Q

Cicatrix

A

Scar

56
Q

Exfoliation

A

Loss of cells from the surface of tissue

57
Q

Follicle

A

A sac or cavity

58
Q

Keloid

A

A mass or raised area that results from excessive production of scar tissue

59
Q

Scar

A

Fibrous connective tissue that replaces normal tissue

60
Q

Lesion

A

Wound or injury

61
Q

Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

A

Non contagious can have signs and symptoms of Erythema (redness), Vesicles (blisters), Papules (pimples) and crusting of the skin. Caused by irritants (soaps, detergents, fabrics) or Allergies (Antibiotics, plants, metals)

62
Q

Bile Pigments

A

A yellow colored pigment results from Bile production in the liver

63
Q

Carotene (pigment)

A

A pigment related to Vitamin A and stored in fatty tissue

64
Q

Hemoglobin

A

A pigment that carries oxygen in the blood

65
Q

Pustule

A

A surface lesion. Vesicle filled with pus. Pimples

66
Q

Macule

A

A surface lesion. Flat spot. Age or liver spots

67
Q

Papule

A

A surface type lesion. Raised area. Hives

68
Q

Vesicle

A

A surface type lesion. Blister sac. Blisters

69
Q

Ulcer

A

A deeper lesion. Sore or a hole.

70
Q

Fissures

A

A deeper leasion. Cut.

71
Q

Rule of Nines for Burns

A

Head/Neck 9%, Upper limbs 9%, Trunk 36%, Genitalia 1%, Lower limbs 18%

72
Q

Vitiligo

A

Depigmentation of skin

73
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic , recurrent overgrowth of epidermis

74
Q

Viral Infections of the skin

A

Herpes, Human papillomavirus (HPV)-warts, Herpes Zoster virus- Shingles

75
Q

Fungal Infections

A

Tinea or Ringworm

76
Q

Allergy and Immune disorders of the skin

A

Hives, pemphigus (separation of epidermal skin), lupus erythematous, scleroderma

Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy (13 decks)

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