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Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

One complete cycle of the heart contraction and relaxation.

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2
Q

Bradycardia

A

A heartrate of less than 60 beats/min.

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3
Q

Tachycardia

A

A heartrate of greater than 100 beats/min.

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4
Q

Occulsion

A

Complete closure, as of an artery

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5
Q

Ischemia (Cardiac)

A

Name for decreased blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle

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6
Q

Thrombus

A

A blot clot form within a vessel.

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7
Q

Apex

A

The pointed, inferior portion of the heart.

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8
Q

Pericardium

A

The serous membrane surrounding the heart.

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9
Q

Myocardium

A

The middle layer of the heart.

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

The inner layer of the heart.

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11
Q

Ventricle

A

The lower chambers of the heart.

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12
Q

Pulmonary valve (semilunar)

A

The valve that prevents blood from returning to the right ventricle.

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13
Q

Atria

A

The upper chambers of the heart.

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14
Q

Aortic valve (semilunar)

A

The valve that prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle.

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15
Q

Cardiac Septum

A

The partition that separates the heart in half.

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16
Q

Coronary arteries

A

A vessel supplying oxygenated blood to the heart.

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17
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

The group of conduction fibers found in the ventricle walls.

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18
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

A

The group of conduction fibers carrying the impulse from the AV node.

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19
Q

Systole

A

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

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20
Q

Diastole

A

The resting period that follows the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

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21
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA Node)

A

The pacemaker of the heart. Located in the upper wall of the right atrium.

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22
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart lining, often affecting the valves.

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23
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart muscle.

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24
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Loss of the elasticity of arteries (hardening)

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25
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Aspirin/Warfarin is an example of this kind of drug.

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26
Q

Hypertension

A

The medical term for high blood pressure.

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27
Q

Capillaries

A

A small vessel through which exchanges between the blood and the cells take place.

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28
Q

Venules

A

A vessel that receives blood from the capillaries.

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29
Q

Arteries

A

The group of vessels that carries nutrients and oxygen to all tissues of the body except the lungs.

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30
Q

Pulmonary arteries and veins

A

The group of vessels that carries blood to and from the lungs for gas exchange.

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31
Q

Phrenic arteries

A

Vessels of the abdominal aorta that supply the diaphram.

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32
Q

Renal arteries

A

Vessels of the abdominal aorta that supply the kidneys.

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33
Q

Intercostal arteries

A

Vessels that extend between ribs.

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34
Q

Saphenous vein

A

The longest vein in the body.

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35
Q

Femoral artery

A

A deep artery in the thigh.

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36
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

A vein that re-routes blood to the liver from the intestinal tract.

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37
Q

Median cubital

A

A vein frequently used for removing blood for testing because of its location near the surface at the front of the elbow.

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38
Q

Pulse

A

A wave of increased pressure that begins at the heart when the ventricles contract and travels along the arteries.

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39
Q

Valve

A

Structure that prevents blood from moving backward in the vein.

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40
Q

Hypotension

A

An abnormal decrease in blood pressure.

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41
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of the vein.

42
Q

Pulmonary emboli

A

A life-threatening condition resulting from a blood clot piece blocking a vessel in the lungs.

43
Q

Hypertension

A

An abnormal increase in blood pressure.

44
Q

Aneurysm

A

A bulging sac in the wall of an artery that results from weakness of the blood vessel.

45
Q

Saphenous

A

People whose work requires them to stand much of the time frequently have varicosities of the long veins named…

46
Q

Constriction

A

A decrease in a blood vessel’s diameter is called…

47
Q

Increase of blood pressure is caused by

A

Contraction of the blood vessel walls.

48
Q

Inguinal

A

The nodes that filter lymph from the lower extremities and the external genitalia.

49
Q

Axillary

A

The lymph nodes located in the armpits.

50
Q

Cervical

A

The lymph nodes located in the neck that drain certain parts of the head and neck.

51
Q

Lymph

A

The fluid formed when tissue fluid passes from the intercellular spaces into the lymphatic vessels.

52
Q

Valves

A

A structure that prevents backflow of fluid in lymphatic vessels.

53
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.

54
Q

Bloodstream

A

The final destination of the lymph.

55
Q

Angina (pectoris)

A

Chest pain on exertion, in cold weather or emotional situations.

56
Q

Angiography

A

An examination by X-ray of blood or lymph vessels, carried out after introduction of a radioactive substance.

57
Q

Arrhythmia

A

A condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm.

58
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Cardiac Output (mls/min) = Stroke volume x Heart Rate

59
Q

Coronary

A

Involves the blockage of the coronary arteries (arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood).

60
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A

Blood clot that obstructs blood flow in the heart.

61
Q

Echocardiography

A

Ultrasound test that visualizes the heart beating.

62
Q

Electrocardiograph

A

Records the electrical signal from the heart (beat) with electrodes

63
Q

Epicardium

A

The thin outermost layer (visceral layer) of the heart wall.

64
Q

Fibrillation (ventricular)

A

When an entire chamber of the heart is involved in a multiple micro-re-entry circuits and quivering with chaotic electrical impulses.

65
Q

Infarct

A

A small localized area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply, could result from a heart attack or a Coronary infarction.

66
Q

Murmur (heart)

A

A whooshing or swishing sound heard through a stethoscope, not the usual lup-Dup sound the heart makes.

67
Q

Plaque

A

Fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls.

68
Q

Pacemaker

A

A small device that’s placed (implanted) in the chest to help control the heartbeat.

69
Q

Stenosis

A

means narrowing of vessels that supply blood or spinal cord/nerves.

70
Q

Arteriole

A

A small branch of an artery leading into capillaries.

71
Q

Baroreceptor

A

A receptor sensitive to changes in pressure.

72
Q

Elasticity

A

Arteries are always under high pressure. To accommodate this stress, they have an abundance of elastic tissue and less smooth muscle.

73
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of part of the inner lining of an artery, together with any obstructive deposits, most often carried out on the carotid artery or on vessels supplying the legs.

74
Q

Endothelium

A

A thin membrane that lines the inside of the heart and blood vessels.

75
Q

Hemorrhage

A

The flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel.

76
Q

Shock

A

A critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in blood flow through the body.

77
Q

Sinusoid

A

A small irregularly shaped blood vessel found in certain organs.

78
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

An instrument for measuring blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure by increasing and gradually releasing the pressure in the cuff.

79
Q

Varices

A

Enlarged veins. These veins may rupture and bleed

80
Q

Vericose vein

A

Twisted, enlarged veins. Any vein that is close to the skin’s surface (superficial) can become varicosed. Varicose veins most commonly affect the veins in the legs. That’s because standing and walking increase the pressure in the veins of the lower body.

81
Q

Vascoconstriction

A

The narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels by small muscles in their walls.

82
Q

Vasodilation

A

The widening of blood vessels as a result of the relaxation of the blood vessel’s muscular walls.

83
Q

Vasomotor center

A

Controls the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle found in the blood vessel wall. Located in the medulla oblongata and involves the autonomic nervous system.

84
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessels located throughout your body that collect oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart. Veins hold most of the blood in your body.

85
Q

Vena cava

A

Superior and Inferior vena cava are very large veins that bring deoxygenated blood to your heart to get oxygen

86
Q

Venous sinus

A

A group of sinuses or blood channels that drains venous blood circulating from the cranial cavity. It collectively returns deoxygenated blood from the head to the heart to maintain systemic circulation.

87
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Deposits of fat or cholesterol on vessel walls.

88
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

right ventricle-pulmonary artery-arteries of lungs-capillaries of lungs-veins of lungs-pulmonary vein-left atrium

89
Q

Systemic circuit

A

left ventricle-aorta-systemic arteries-arterioles-capillary beds-

90
Q

Arterial system

A

Aorta-Artery-Arterioles-Capillaries

91
Q

Venous system

A

Venules-vein-vena cava

92
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

located between the chambers on the right side, an atrioventricular valve.

93
Q

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

A

is located between the chambers of the left side, an atrioventricular valve.

94
Q

Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)

A

A bundle of fibers which begin begins at the AV node, follows the interventricular system. Divides into right and left (bundles) branches which extend into the terminal branches known as the Purkinje fibers which distribute inpulses to the ventricles.

95
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Caused by a immune response in the body; toxin produced by a Streptococcal infection causes the production of antibodies which not only destroy the toxin but also attack the heart valves.

96
Q

List major veins

A

Vena cava, jugular, cephalic, basilic, median cubical, saphenous, hepatic portal

97
Q

List major arteries

A

Aorta, Coronary, Carotid, subclavian, intercostal, brachial, radial, ulnar, gastric, hepatic, splenic, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, iliac, femoral, popliteal, tibial, dorsalis pedis, phrenic, renal, ovarian and testicular arteries.

98
Q

Flow (direction) of blood in heart

A

inferior and superior vena cava-right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta

99
Q

Conduction system includes

A

SA Node (sinoatrial node), AV Node (atrioventicular node), Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle), right and left bundle branches, perkinje fibers

100
Q

Interatrial septum

A

What divides the heart into the right and left side.

Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy (13 decks)

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