Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

prevet anatomy > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

what does the respiratory system consist of?

A

nose
larynx
trachea
bronchial tree
lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the respiratory system is critical for breathing in __ and breathing out ___

A

oxygen
carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is respiration regulated and coordinated by?

A

centers in the brain

nostrils
lungs
intercostal muscles
diaphragm
heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are nares?

A

external opening through which animal inhales and exhales air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

list functions of the nose

A
  • filter air
  • humidify air
  • modify temperature of inhaled air
  • smell
  • eliminate irritants and infectious agents entering nose by secreting mucus or serous secretions
  • local immune response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is the nasal cavity divided into two halves?

A

septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the ethmoturbinate?

A

specialized turbinate that has a large number of sensory neurons for olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

each half of the nasal cavity has how many turbinates?

A

3 or 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two turbinates?

A

dorsal and ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which turbinate is more elaborate?

A

ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do the turbinates divide the nasal cavity into?

A

3 meati (dorsal, middle, ventral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what lies under the nasal cavity?

A

hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the core of the hard palate made of?

A

palatine process of maxillary bone and lines by oral mucosa on the ventral aspect and nasal mucosa on dorsal aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

true or false: the nasal mucosa is highly vascular

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the purpose of cilia in the respiratory system?

A

trap particulate matter and some organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do the goblet cells do?

A

produce mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the purpose of serous fluid secreted from the glands in the mucosa?

A

keeps nasal cavity moist and humidifies air passing through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which species does the nasal septum extend the whole length of the hard palate?

A

horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why can’t the horse vomit?

A

since the nasal cavity communicates with the pharynx directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

if a horse does vomit, where does it expel through?

A

nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in dogs and ruminants, what is followed by the hard palate?

A

soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what facilitates cud chewing?

A

the one common opening from the nasal cavity to the pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is cud chewing in ruminants?

A

where they regurgitate coarse food particles into the oral cavity, chew them into finer particles and swallow them once again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are paranasal sinuses?

A

diverticula of the nasal cavity that delve into the bones of the skull

25
Q

true or false: sinuses open into the nasal cavity only indirectly

A

false: directly and indirectly

26
Q

why can blocks in the sinuses result in congestion?

A

because the openings of the sinuses into the nasal cavity are small and narrow

27
Q

In general, most species have both ______ and ________ sinuses in each half of the skull. However, the sinuses of the two sides don’t communicate with each other.

A

frontal
maxillary

28
Q

which species is the maxillary sinuses very elaborate?

A

horses

29
Q

which species is the frontal sinuses very elaborate?

A

bovine

30
Q

what does the dog have instead of a distinct maxillary sinus?

A

maxillary recess

31
Q

what are the possible functions of the sinuses?

A
  • provide protection
  • enlarge surface area
  • provide resonance to voice
32
Q

what is the larynx also referred to as?

A

voice box

33
Q

what connects the pharynx to the trachea?

A

larynx

34
Q

what series of bones connects the larynx to the base of the skull?

A

hyoid apparatus

35
Q

what cartilage is the larynx composed of?

A

epiglottis
arytenoid
thyroid
cricoid

36
Q

what is the most important function of the larynx?

A

protect lower portions of the respiratory tract from entry of food and water via muscles

37
Q

what is known as the windpipe that runs from the larynx and splits in two above the heart?

A

trachea

38
Q

what are the branches called from the trachea?

A

bronchi

39
Q

what forms the fibrocartilagneous part of the trachea that are cartilagneous and incomplete to facilitate expansion?

A

trahceal rings

40
Q

what smooth muscle are the ends of the tracheal rings connected by?

A

trachealis muscle

41
Q

what is the innermost layer of trachea lined by?

A

mucous membrane

42
Q

what are the smaller branches of bronchi?

A

bronchioles

43
Q

where do the bronchioles terminate at?

A

alveolar duct

44
Q

where does air exchange take place?

A

alveolar duct

45
Q

what are the specialized cells of the alveoli?

A

pneumocytes

46
Q

true or false: the alveoli are lined by a thin epithelium and have lots of capillaries to facilitate air exchange

A

true

47
Q

which lung is larger?

A

right

48
Q

what lobes are the left lobe of the dog divided into?

A

cranial
middle
caudal

49
Q

what additional lobe does the right lung have?

A

accessory

50
Q

what serous membrane is the lungs lined by?

A

pleura

51
Q

what is the pleura that directly lines the lungs?

A

visceral/pulmonary

52
Q

what is the pleura that lines the diaphragm or ribs?

A

diaphragmatic/costal pleura

53
Q

As the animal inhales air, it gets humidified and warmed by the nostrils. list the pathway air follows from here.

A

pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveolar duct
alveoli

54
Q

Oxygen gets transferred to the blood and ___ from the blood gets transferred to the air in the ______.

A

CO2
alveoli

55
Q

true or false: air passes out the same way it came in and gets exhaled

A

true

56
Q

which vessel brings in unoxygenated blood to the lungs and gets it oxygenated?

A

pulmonary artery

57
Q

which vessel does oxygenated blood travel through to reach the heart when it gets pumped to the rest of the body

A

pulmonary vein

58
Q

what happens if respiration stops?

A

the brain and other tissues will lose oxygen supply and the heart will eventually stop pumping

prevet anatomy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions