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prevet anatomy > hindlimb > Flashcards

hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

what three bones do the pelvic girdle consist of?

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

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2
Q

what is the acetabulum?

A

articular surface for the head of the femur

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3
Q

The pelvic girdle articulates with the _____ dorsally and the ______ laterally.

A

sacrum
femur

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4
Q

describe the femur

A
  • one of strongest bones in body
  • proximal end features “the head” located on medial side
  • articulates with acetabular cavity of pelvic girdle
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5
Q

what is on the lateral aspect of the femur?

A

greater and lesser trochanters

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6
Q

on the distal end of the femur, where do the two condyles articulate with?

A

tibia and trochlea for articulation with the patella

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7
Q

which species has third trochanter of the femur?

A

horse

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8
Q

what is the patella?

A
  • kneecap
  • sesamoid bone associated with the stifle joint
  • moves over trochlea on distal end of femur
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9
Q

true or false: the tibia and fibula cross over like the radius and ulna

A

false

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10
Q

the tibia is located ________ and is the larger of the two bones

A

medially

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11
Q

the fibula is located _________

A

laterally

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12
Q

describe the proximal extremity of the tibia

A
  • wider
  • two condyles for articulating with the distal end of the femur
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13
Q

what is the cranial aspect of the tibia?

A

tibial tuberosity

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14
Q

what does the distal end of the tibia present?

A

cochlea

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15
Q

what is the cochlea specifically shaped to articulate with?

A

trochlea of the talus

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16
Q

how is the fibula separated from the tibia?

A

interosseous space

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17
Q

how many rows are the tarsal bones arranged?

A

three

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18
Q

what two large bones does the proximal row of the tarsal bones contain?

A

talus
calcaneus

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19
Q

what bone does the middle row of the tarsal bones consist of?

A

central tarsal bone

20
Q

how many bones does the distal row of the tarsal bones consist of?

A

four, numbered from medial to lateral

21
Q

what joint is formed between the head of the femur and acetabular cavity?

A

hip joint

22
Q

what ligament strengthens the hip joint

A

ligament of the head of the femur

23
Q

which joint is one of the most elaborate joints in the body and corresponds to the human knee joint?

A

stifle joint

24
Q

in the horse, which patellar ligament can be cut to relieve a locked patella?

A

medial patellar ligament

25
Q

how many levels of joints is the tarsal joint characterized by and because of what?

A

four
because of three rows of tarsal bones

26
Q

what three muscles does the gluteus group consist of?

A

superficial, middle, deep gluteals

27
Q

where is the superficial gluteal muscle located and innervated by which nerve?

A

caudally
caudal gluteal nerve

28
Q

where are the middle and deep gluteals located and innervated by which nerve?

A

cranially
cranial gluteal nerve

29
Q

what muscle does the adductor group contain and innervated by which nerve?

A

gracilis
pectineus
adductor and external obturator

obturator nerve

30
Q

what muscles do the hamstrings contain?

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

31
Q

what groups act on the stifle joint?

A

extensor and flexor group of muscles

32
Q

what is the major extensor group of the stifle joint?

A

quadriceps femoris

33
Q

what nerve is the quadriceps femoris innervated by and why is it important?

A

femoral nerve, important for bearing weight

34
Q

what group acts on the tarsal and digital joint?

A

extensors and flexors of the hock and digits

35
Q

Muscles that are located in the craniolateral region of the leg typically flex the hock, why can they also extend the digit?

A

because of flexion angle differences between the hock and digit

36
Q

list the muscles that can flex the hock and extend the digit and which nerve are they innervated by?

A

cranial tibial
peroneus longus
long and lateral digital extensors

common peroneal nerve (branch of the sciatic nerve)

37
Q

list the muscles included in the caudal group on the leg that extend the hock and flex the digits and which nerve are they innervated by?

A

gastrocnemius
superficial digital flexor
deep digital flexor

tibial nerve

38
Q

what is the principal artery that provides blood supply to the hind limb?

A

external iliac artery

39
Q

once the external iliac artery travels down the thigh and leg region, it branches out and the name changes to what?

A

femoral artery and cranial tibial artery

40
Q

what does the cranial tibial artery turn into and what is it responsible for?

A

dorsal pedal artery
- supplies blood to distal limb

41
Q

what is the stay and reciprocal apparatus in horses?

A

ligaments and tendons of the hindlimb in the horse, provide appropriate support

42
Q

how many patellar ligaments are there in horses?

A

3

43
Q

Through a complex action of multiple muscles, these ligaments lock the patella in the ____ joint. (stay apparatus)

A

stifle

44
Q

what are the two components of the reciprocal apparatus?

A

tendons of the peroneus
superficial digital flexor

45
Q

The two components of the reciprocal apparatus flex the ____ when the stifle is flexed and extend the _____ when the stifle is extended.

A

hock

prevet anatomy (13 decks)

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