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prevet anatomy > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

what structures does the alimentary canal include?

A

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus

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2
Q

what are the organs of prehension used for?

A

taking in food

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3
Q

what do cattle use as prehension?

A

tongue

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4
Q

what do horses use as prehension?

A

lips

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5
Q

what are the two parts of the teeth?

A

crown
root

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6
Q

what is the outermost layer and found covering the crown of the teeth?

A

enamel

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7
Q

what is the purpose of enamel?

A

protects the tooth from damage by whatever the animal ingests including acids produced in the mouth

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8
Q

what is the layer after enamel?

A

dentin

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9
Q

what is the innermost core of the teeth that have blood supply, odontoblasts, and nerves?

A

pulp

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10
Q

what do odontoblasts secrete?

A

dentin

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11
Q

how can teeth be classified based on the crown?

A

hypsodont
brachydont

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12
Q

which species are hypsodont?

A

herbivores- equine, bovine, sheep and goat

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13
Q

which species are brachydont?

A

carnivores

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14
Q

which teeth are referred to as cheek teeth?

A

premolars and molars

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15
Q

what are the three salivary glands of domestic species?

A

parotid
mandibular
zygomatic

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16
Q

what is an example of enzymes secreted from the salivary glands?

A

amylase for digestion of sugars

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17
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

passage that passes the food from mouth to esophagus

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18
Q

what part of the pharynx is related to or directs food from the mouth to the esophagus?

A

oropharynx

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19
Q

what part of the pharynx conveys the air from the nose to trachea?

A

nasopharynx

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20
Q

what is the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach and has variable amounts of skeletal and smooth muscle?

A

esophagus

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21
Q

what species is the skeletal muscle component is large because the animals have to regurgitate large food particles back to the mouth to grind them down into smaller particles before swallowing them?

A

bovines

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22
Q

what type of stomach is a one chambered?

A

monogastric

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23
Q

what type of stomach has multiple chambers?

A

ruminant

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24
Q

what are the five distinct parts of the monogastric stomach?

A
  1. cardia (stomach where esophagus enters)
  2. fundus
  3. body
  4. pyloric antrum
  5. pylorus (where duodenum starts)
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25
Q

what type of animals are known as foregut fermenters?

A

ruminant

26
Q

what are the four chambers of the ruminant stomach?

A

rumen
reticulum
omasum
abomasum

27
Q

what is the function of the rumen?

A

microbial fermentation via microflora

28
Q

material of the ruminant flows freely between which two compartments?

A

rumen and reticulum

29
Q

which compartment of the ruminant stomach is characterized by folds and absorbs mainly water?

A

omasum

30
Q

which chamber of the ruminant stomach is involved in chemical digestion?

A

abomasum

31
Q

the rumen and reticulum occupy which side of the abdomen?

A

left

32
Q

the omasum occupies the space around what side of the abdomen?

A

midline on the floor

33
Q

the abomasum occupies which aspect of the abdomen?

A

right cranial

34
Q

true or false: the sections of the small intestine for ruminants vs monogastrics are different

A

false: remain the same

35
Q

how do the small intestines begin that are relatively short and is primarily located near the upper (dorsal) quarter of the abdominal cavity?

A

duodenum

36
Q

what continues from the duodenum and is organized as coils that are supported by the mesentery?

A

jejunum

37
Q

what is the longest section of the small intestine?

A

jejunum

38
Q

what is the jejunum followed by which is very short?

A

ileum

39
Q

what represents the last section of the small intestine?

A

ileum

40
Q

what marks the beginning of the large intestine and is the most important part of it in hindgut fermenters (horses)?

A

cecum

41
Q

what part of the large intestine is comma shaped?

A

cecum

42
Q

The base of the cecum is located at the ___________ and the body extends down right along the midline of the abdominal cavity and the apex of the stomach is located on the floor and almost reaches the xiphoid cartilage of the sternum

A

paralumbar fossa

43
Q

which species is the secum sacculated and has bands?

A

horses

44
Q

what are sacculations referred to as?

A

haustra

45
Q

what are bands referred to as?

A

tenia (“tape”)

46
Q

what begins from the cecum?

A

ascending colon

47
Q

Ascending colon continues as the ____________ and descends down caudally as the_______________, which ends as the rectum.

A

transverse colon
descending colon

48
Q

what is also referred to as the small colon?

A

descending colon

49
Q

what provides arterial blood supply to the entire digestive system?

A

arteries from the aorta

50
Q

what provides blood supply to the stomach and duodenum?

A

gastric and splenic branches of the coeliac artery from the aorta

51
Q

what provides blood supply to the jejunum, ileum, cecum and ascending colon?

A

cranial mesenteric artery coming of the aorta

52
Q

what provides blood supply to the descending colon?

A

caudal mesenteric artery branching from the aorta

53
Q

The neural innervation to the digestive system comes primarily from which nervous system?

A

autonomic nervous system

54
Q

what provides parasympathetic innervation to the entire digestive tract?

A

vagus

55
Q

what provides sympathetic innervation to the digestive tract?

A

coeliaco-cranial mesenteric ganglion and plexus and the caudal mesenteric ganglia

56
Q

The blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves run along the _______ that suspends the intestines in the abdominal cavity.

A

mesentery

57
Q

what is the peritoneum?

A

serous membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity

58
Q

what is the peritoneum that lines the abdominal wall?

A

parietal peritoneum

59
Q

what is the peritoneum that lines the viscera?

A

visceral peritoneum

60
Q

what is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum that is always filled with small amount of clear, pale yellow fluid?

A

peritoneal cavity

prevet anatomy (13 decks)

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