digestive system

Question 1

what structures does the alimentary canal include?

Answer 1

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus

Question 2

what are the organs of prehension used for?

Answer 2

taking in food

Question 3

what do cattle use as prehension?

Answer 3

tongue

Question 4

what do horses use as prehension?

Answer 4

lips

Question 5

what are the two parts of the teeth?

Answer 5

crown
root

Question 6

what is the outermost layer and found covering the crown of the teeth?

Answer 6

enamel

Question 7

what is the purpose of enamel?

Answer 7

protects the tooth from damage by whatever the animal ingests including acids produced in the mouth

Question 8

what is the layer after enamel?

Answer 8

dentin

Question 9

what is the innermost core of the teeth that have blood supply, odontoblasts, and nerves?

Answer 9

pulp

Question 10

what do odontoblasts secrete?

Answer 10

dentin

Question 11

how can teeth be classified based on the crown?

Answer 11

hypsodont
brachydont

Question 12

which species are hypsodont?

Answer 12

herbivores- equine, bovine, sheep and goat

Question 13

which species are brachydont?

Answer 13

carnivores

Question 14

which teeth are referred to as cheek teeth?

Answer 14

premolars and molars

Question 15

what are the three salivary glands of domestic species?

Answer 15

parotid
mandibular
zygomatic

Question 16

what is an example of enzymes secreted from the salivary glands?

Answer 16

amylase for digestion of sugars

Question 17

what is the pharynx?

Answer 17

passage that passes the food from mouth to esophagus

Question 18

what part of the pharynx is related to or directs food from the mouth to the esophagus?

Answer 18

oropharynx

Question 19

what part of the pharynx conveys the air from the nose to trachea?

Answer 19

nasopharynx

Question 20

what is the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach and has variable amounts of skeletal and smooth muscle?

Answer 20

esophagus

Question 21

what species is the skeletal muscle component is large because the animals have to regurgitate large food particles back to the mouth to grind them down into smaller particles before swallowing them?

Answer 21

bovines

Question 22

what type of stomach is a one chambered?

Answer 22

monogastric

Question 23

what type of stomach has multiple chambers?

Answer 23

ruminant

Question 24

what are the five distinct parts of the monogastric stomach?

Answer 24

1. cardia (stomach where esophagus enters)
2. fundus
3. body
4. pyloric antrum
5. pylorus (where duodenum starts)

Question 25

what type of animals are known as foregut fermenters?

Answer 25

ruminant

Question 26

what are the four chambers of the ruminant stomach?

Answer 26

rumen reticulum omasum abomasum

Question 27

what is the function of the rumen?

Answer 27

microbial fermentation via microflora

Question 28

material of the ruminant flows freely between which two compartments?

Answer 28

rumen and reticulum

Question 29

which compartment of the ruminant stomach is characterized by folds and absorbs mainly water?

Answer 29

omasum

Question 30

which chamber of the ruminant stomach is involved in chemical digestion?

Answer 30

abomasum

Question 31

the rumen and reticulum occupy which side of the abdomen?

Answer 31

left

Question 32

the omasum occupies the space around what side of the abdomen?

Answer 32

midline on the floor

Question 33

the abomasum occupies which aspect of the abdomen?

Answer 33

right cranial

Question 34

true or false: the sections of the small intestine for ruminants vs monogastrics are different

Answer 34

false: remain the same

Question 35

how do the small intestines begin that are relatively short and is primarily located near the upper (dorsal) quarter of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 35

duodenum

Question 36

what continues from the duodenum and is organized as coils that are supported by the mesentery?

Answer 36

jejunum

Question 37

what is the longest section of the small intestine?

Answer 37

jejunum

Question 38

what is the jejunum followed by which is very short?

Answer 38

ileum

Question 39

what represents the last section of the small intestine?

Answer 39

ileum

Question 40

what marks the beginning of the large intestine and is the most important part of it in hindgut fermenters (horses)?

Answer 40

cecum

Question 41

what part of the large intestine is comma shaped?

Answer 41

cecum

Question 42

The base of the cecum is located at the ___________ and the body extends down right along the midline of the abdominal cavity and the apex of the stomach is located on the floor and almost reaches the xiphoid cartilage of the sternum

Answer 42

paralumbar fossa

Question 43

which species is the secum sacculated and has bands?

Answer 43

horses

Question 44

what are sacculations referred to as?

Answer 44

haustra

Question 45

what are bands referred to as?

Answer 45

tenia ("tape")

Question 46

what begins from the cecum?

Answer 46

ascending colon

Question 47

Ascending colon continues as the ____________ and descends down caudally as the_______________, which ends as the rectum.

Answer 47

transverse colon descending colon

Question 48

what is also referred to as the small colon?

Answer 48

descending colon

Question 49

what provides arterial blood supply to the entire digestive system?

Answer 49

arteries from the aorta

Question 50

what provides blood supply to the stomach and duodenum?

Answer 50

gastric and splenic branches of the coeliac artery from the aorta

Question 51

what provides blood supply to the jejunum, ileum, cecum and ascending colon?

Answer 51

cranial mesenteric artery coming of the aorta

Question 52

what provides blood supply to the descending colon?

Answer 52

caudal mesenteric artery branching from the aorta

Question 53

The neural innervation to the digestive system comes primarily from which nervous system?

Answer 53

autonomic nervous system

Question 54

what provides parasympathetic innervation to the entire digestive tract?

Answer 54

vagus

Question 55

what provides sympathetic innervation to the digestive tract?

Answer 55

coeliaco-cranial mesenteric ganglion and plexus and the caudal mesenteric ganglia

Question 56

The blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves run along the _______ that suspends the intestines in the abdominal cavity.

Answer 56

mesentery

Question 57

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 57

serous membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity

Question 58

what is the peritoneum that lines the abdominal wall?

Answer 58

parietal peritoneum

Question 59

what is the peritoneum that lines the viscera?

Answer 59

visceral peritoneum

Question 60

what is the space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum that is always filled with small amount of clear, pale yellow fluid?

Answer 60

peritoneal cavity