Respiratory System Flashcards
Inhalation and exhalation are also referred to as what?
Inspiration and expiration
What makes up 80-90% of alveoli cells?
Type I cells
Which alveoli cells are the site of gas exchange?
Type I
Surfactant is made by what type of cells?
Type II alveoli cells
Surfactant is composed of what?
Phospholipids and protein
Why do premature babies experience respiratory distress?
Not enough surfactant
What stimulates surfactant productions?
Steroids
Palv refers to what?
Pressure in the lungs
What does Patm refer to?
Atmospheric pressure
Patm is set to what value by default?
0
What does Pip refer to?
Intrapleural pressure, suctions lungs to chest wall
Pip is positive or negative?
Negative
Ptp is the difference between what two pressures?
Palv-Pip
During which phase of the respiratory cycle is the diaphragm pushed down?
Inhalation
When is Pip the most negative?
Peak of inhalation
When is Ptp the highest?
Peak of inhalation
The diaphragm relaxes during which stage of the respiratory cycle?
Exhalation
The external intercostals are associated with inhalation or exhalation?
Inhalation
The internal intercostals are associated with forced exhalation or inhalation?
Forced exhalation
Which muscles are associated with passive exhalation?
Diaphragm
What is lung compliance?
Ability of lungs to return to normal after stretching
Change in volume/Change in Ptp refers to what?
Compliance
Low compliance in the lungs is associated with what?
Fibrosis
What is the level of lung compliance in emphysema?
High
How is fibrosis associated with pulmonary hypertension?
Fibrosis can compress the lung capillaries