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Systems Physiology > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the renal system?

A

Blood filtration

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2
Q

What are the functional units of the nephron?

A

Renal corpuscle and the renal tubule

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3
Q

How much blood gets filtered in bowman’s space?

A

20%

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4
Q

Blood is filtered through which set of capillaries?

A

Glomerular capillaries

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5
Q

What are the parts of the renal tubule?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, loop of henle, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, cortical collecting duct and medullary collecting duct

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6
Q

Which nephrons go deep into the kidney medulla?

A

Juxtamedullary

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7
Q

What nephrons don’t have a loop of henle?

A

Cortical nephrons

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8
Q

Humans have mostly cortical or juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

Cortical

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9
Q

The salty inner portion of the kidney is referred to as what?

A

The medulla

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10
Q

The structure that wraps around the afferent arteriole is called what?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

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11
Q

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Senses renal blood pressure and secretes renin

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12
Q

What is reabsorption?

A

Flow from tubular fluid to blood

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13
Q

What is secretion?

A

Fluid moving from peritubular capillaries into renal tubule

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14
Q

What gets secreted?

A

Mostly water and glucose

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15
Q

Does secretion require a transporter?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Does coffee increase or decrease GFR?

A

Increase

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17
Q

GFR refers to what?

A

Volume flowing into bowman’s space per unit/time

18
Q

Does the pressure in the glomerular capillaries favor or resist filtration?

A

Favors

19
Q

Does the hydrostatic pressure in bowman’s space favor or resist filtration?

A

Resist

20
Q

Is the osmotic force against or towards filtration?

A

Against

21
Q

What are the three pressures involved in glomerular filtration?

A

Blood pressure in glomerular capillaries, hydrostatic pressure in bowman’s space, and osmotic force in the plasma

22
Q

The net filtration pressure determines what?

A

GFR

23
Q

What does the permeability of the corpuscular membrane influence?

A

GFR

24
Q

Dilating the afferent arterioles and constricting the effect arterioles will do what to GFR?

A

Increase it

25
Q

Dilating the efferent arterioles and constricting the afferent arterioles does what to the GFR?

A

Decreases it

26
Q

What is the transport maximum?

A

Glucose concentration where the transporter is fully saturated

27
Q

When does glucose excretion drastically pick up?

A

Right at tmax

28
Q

Glucose in urine is a sign of what?

A

Diabetes

29
Q

2/3rds of reabsorption happens in what part of the renal tubule?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

30
Q

What drives Na+ reabsorption out of the tubule?

A

Na/K pumps on proximal tubule epithelial cells

31
Q

What is H+ secretion coupled to?

A

Na+ reabsorption

32
Q

What keeps sodium concentration low in the proximal tubule epithelial cells?

A

Na/K pumps

33
Q

The insertion of aquaporins in the collecting duct is stimulated by what hormone?

A

ADH

34
Q

Inhibiting ADH results in what?

A

Very dilute urine

35
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Issues with ADH synthesis and release

36
Q

What increases cAMP in the collecting duct?

A

Adenylyl cyclase

37
Q

The ascending limb is hypotonic to what else?

A

The interstitial fluid

38
Q

What part of the renal tubule is isotonic to the interstitial fluid?

A

The descending limb

39
Q

The descending limb is hyper or hypo osomotic to the ascending limb?

A

Hyperosomotic

40
Q

What does hyperosmotic/hypertonic mean?

A

Mor concentrated with respect to a specific reference

41
Q

What does hypotonic/hypoosmotic mean?

A

Less concentrated/more dilute with respect to a specific reference

42
Q

If active transport is blocked in the renal tubule, what happens?

A

Loss of ability to concentrate urine

Systems Physiology (9 decks)

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