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Systems Physiology > Cardiac Pathology > Flashcards

Cardiac Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure, over 130/85mmHg

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2
Q

Left ventricle hypertrophy is caused by what?

A

An increase in afterload pressure, muscle gets bigger

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3
Q

What is the first-line treatment for hypertension?

A

Diet and exercise

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4
Q

Beta blockers and Ca2+ channel blockers are prescribed to treat what?

A

Hypertension

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5
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Decrease cardiac output, decrease sympathetic effects on cardiac muscle cells

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6
Q

Where do beta blockers act?

A

Cardiac muscle cells

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7
Q

Where do Ca2+ channel blockers act?

A

Smooth muscle

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8
Q

How do Ca2+ channel blockers promote vasodilation of arteries?

A

Decrease Ca2+ entry into the smooth muscle

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9
Q

What is the base cause of primary hypertension?

A

Increased TPR due to decreased artery radius

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10
Q

What ejection fraction is indicative of heart failure?

A

Under 40%

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11
Q

What are the two types of dysfunctions in heart failure?

A

Diastolic and systolic

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12
Q

What is heart failure?

A

Blood pressure is too high for the heart to pump out enough blood

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13
Q

What is diastolic heart failure caused by?

A

Thickening of the ventricle wall, less room for filling

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14
Q

Why does the ventricle wall thicken in diastolic heart failure?

A

Muscle growth associated with increased blood pressure

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15
Q

What is systolic heart failure caused by?

A

Damage to heart from previous heart attack

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16
Q

How are decreased contractility and stroke volume associated?

A

Lower stroke volume and a lower ejection fraction

17
Q

What muscles are thickened in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Interventricular septum and LV wall

18
Q

How is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated?

A

Anti-arrhythmia drugs and possible heart transplant

19
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

Lack of blood in coronary arteries, leads to heart damage

20
Q

An elevated ST segment is indicative of what?

A

Myocardial infarction

21
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Plaque, cholesterol, fat, etc. buildup in arteries

22
Q

Smooth muscle proliferation in the arteries occurs in what?

A

Atherosclerosis

23
Q

A stent or coronary bypass may be used to treat what?

A

Atherosclerosis associated with myocardial infarction

24
Q

Does exercise increase or decrease insulin sensitivity?

A

Increase

25
Q

Diuretics are used for which pathology?

A

Myocardial infarction

Systems Physiology (9 decks)

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