Respiratory System Flashcards
How much Nitrogen is Inspired and Exspired?
Inspired - 78%
Expired - 78%
How much Oxygen is Inspired and Expired?
Inspired - 21%
Expired - 16%
How much Carbon Dioxide is Inspired and Expired?
Inspired - 0.04%
Expired - 4%
What is Oxygen used for?
Energy production and for recovery
What is Carbon Dioxide?
A waste product of energy production, so there is more carbon dioxide to breath out
(by-product of aerobic energy production)
Does the body use Nitrogen for Energy Production?
No :0
What is Respiration Rate?
The number of times you breath in one minute
Lowest rates are found during sleep, or at rest
What is Tidal Volume?
The volume of air you breath in and out with each breath
It’s larger during exercise
What is Vital Capacity?
The maximum amount of of air you can breath out after breathing in as much air as possible
What is Residual Volume?
The air left in the lungs after you have breathed out as hard as possible
What is VO2 Max?
The maximum amount of oxygen your body can take and use in one minute
What do the Lungs do?
They allow air to be moved in and out of the body
What do the Bronchi do?
Air travels to each lung via a bronchus
What do the Bronchioles do?
Branch out throughout the lungs and carry the air from the bronchi to the alveoli
What does the Diaphragm do?
A domed sheet of muscle that helps us breath in and out
What do the Alveoli do?
Tiny air sacs that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What happens when we Inhale?
- Intercostal Muscles contract
- Pulls the ribcage up and out
- Diaphragm contracts, causing it to flatten
- Chest cavity gets larger causing pressure decrease
What happens when you Exhale?
- Intercostal muscles relax
- Rib cage returns to normal (down and in)
- Diaphragm relaxes, pushing it up
- Chest cavity gets smaller, causing pressure to increase
What is the Structure of the Alveoli?
- Tiny air sacs
- Very thin walls
- Surrounded by capillaries
- Large Surface Area
- Moist Area
What happens during Gas Exchange?
Gases move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
What happens if there is more Oxygen in the Alveoli than the Capillaries?
Oxygen will move into the capillaries
Explain Gas Exchange from Alveoli to Capillaries
- Alveoli have a high pressure of oxygen and the capillaries surrounding the alveoli have a low pressure of oxygen
- Oxygen moves from the alveoli to the capillaries
Explain Gas Exchange from Capillaries to Alveoli
- Capillaries surrounding the alveoli have a high pressure of carbon dioxide and the alveoli have a low pressure of carbon dioxide
- Carbon dioxide moves from the blood (capillaries) into the alveoli
What happens to our Breathing when our Body is at Rest?
Breathing is low and shallow
What happens to the Demand for Oxygen during Exercise and what is Oxygen needed for?
- The demand for oxygen increases
- For energy production
What happens to Breathing to meet the Demand of Oxygen during Exercise?
It increases in depth and rate
What happens to the Tidal Volume during Exercise?
It increases
What are the Short Term Effects of Exercise?
- Breathing Rate Increases
- Depth of Breathing Increases
- Oxygen Debt
Explain Breathing Rate Increasing
- Working muscles need more oxygen for energy production
- More carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product, so it needs to be removed
Explain Depth of Breathing Increasing
- Repay ‘oxygen debt’
- We use more oxygen exercising than we take in, creating an oxygen debt
What are the Long Term Effects of Exercise?
- Increased Lung Volume and Vital Capacity
- Increased Number of Alveoli
- Stronger Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm
Explain Increased Lung Volume and Vital Capacity
- Lungs will be more efficient
- More oxygen is delivered
- More energy produced to cope with exercise
- Carbon dioxide removed more efficiently
Explain Increased Number of Alveoli
- More alveoli in lungs
- Increased rate of gaseous exchange
- More oxygen delivered to muscles
- More carbon dioxide is removes
- Increase in VO2 max (amount of oxygen athletes can consume during exercise)
Explain Stronger Intercostal Muscles and Diaphragm
- Air flow can be increased
- More oxygen is delivered to working muscles
- More carbon dioxide is removed
What’s the Aerobic Equation?
Glucose + 02 —> CO2 + H20 + Heat + Energy
What is the Anaerobic Equation?
Glucose —> Lactic Acid + Energy
