Muscular System Flashcards
What are the Different Types of Muscles?
- Voluntary Muscles
- Involuntary Muscles
- Cardiac Muscles
What are Voluntary Muscles?
- Found on the Skeleton e.g. Biceps, Triceps, Quadriceps
- Conscious Control
- Attach to the Skeleton to Create Movement
What are Involuntary Muscles?
- Found in the Stomach, Intestines & Blood Vessels
- Unconscious Control
- Contract Slowly and Rhythmically
What are Cardiac Muscles?
- Found in the Wall of the Heart
- Unconscious Control
- Do Not Tire
What are the Muscle Fibres?
- Type 1 (Slow Twitch)
- Type 2a (Fast Twitch)
- Type 2x (Fast Twitch)
When are Type 1 Muscle Fibres Most used?
- Aerobic Events
- Marathon Running
When are Type 2a Muscle Fibres Most used?
- 400m Race
Both Aerobic and Anaerobic
When are Type 2x Muscle Fibres Most used?
- Anaerobic Events
- 100m Sprint
What are Antagonistic Muscle Pairs?
When one Muscle Contracts (Agonist), the Other Relaxes (Antagonist)
What are the Antagonistic Pairs?
- Quadriceps and Hamstrings
- Hip Flexors and Gluteus Maximus
- Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior
- Biceps and Triceps
What are the characteristics of Type 1 Muscle Fibres (Slow Twitch)?
- Low Force of Contraction
- Slow Speed of Contraction
- High Resistance to Fatigue
- Aerobic
- High Myoglobin
- High Mitochondria
- Good Capillary Network
What are the characteristics of Type 2a Muscle Fibres (Fast Twitch)?
- High Force of Contraction
- Medium Speed of Contraction
- Moderate Resistance to Fatigue
- Aerobic and Anaerobic
- Medium Myoglobin
- Medium Mitochondria
- Moderate Capillary Network
What are the characteristics of Type 2x Muscle Fibres (Fast Twitch)?
- Very High Force of Contraction
- Fast Speed of Contraction
- Low Resistance to Fatigue
- Anaerobic
- Low Myoglobin
- Low Mitochondria
- Low Capillary Network
How do the Skeletal System and Muscular System work together?
- Bones Provide Anchors for Muscles to Attach
- Muscles Attach to Bone Through Tendons, when Muscles Contract, they Pull on Bones to Create Movement
Where is the Deltoid located?
Shoulder
Where is the Pectoralis Major located?
Chest
Where is the Latissimus Dorsi located?
Back Muscle
Where is the Biceps located?
Front of Upper Arm
Where is the Triceps located?
Back of Upper Arm
Where is the External Obliques located?
Side of Abdomen
Where is the Gluteus Maximus located?
Form the Buttocks
Where is the Hip Flexors located?
Front of the Hip
Where is the Quadriceps located?
Front of Upper Leg
Where is the Hamstrings located?
Back of Upper Leg
Where is the Gastrocnemius located?
Calf Muscle
Where is the Tibialis Anterior located?
Shin
What does the Deltoid do?
Move the Upper Arm in all Direction from the Shoulder
What does the Pectoralis Major do?
Adducts the Arm at the Shoulder
What does the Latissimus Dorsi do?
Adducts and Extends the Arm at the Shoulder
What does the Biceps do?
Elbow Flexion (Bending)
What does the Triceps do?
Elbow Extension (Straightening)
What do the Eternal Obliques do?
- Pulls the Chest Downwards
- Flexion and Rotation at the Spinal Column
What does the Gluteus Maximus do?
- Adducts and Extends the Hips
- Pulls the Leg Backwards
What does the Hip Flexors do?
- Flexes the Hip
- Moves the Hip Upwards
What does the Quadriceps do?
Knee Extension (Straightening)
What does the Hamstrings do?
Knee Flexion (Bending)
What does the Gastrocnemius do?
Plantar Flexion (Points the Toes)
What does the Tibialis Anterior do?
Dorsi Flexion (Pulls Toes Upwards)
What is the sporting example for the Deltoid?
- Serve in Tennis
- Front Crawl
What is the sporting example for the Pectoralis Major?
- Forehand Drive in Tennis
- Hand off in Rugby
What is the sporting example for the Latissimus Dorsi?
- Butterfly Stroke
- Rowing Stroke
What is the sporting example for the Biceps?
- Boxing Uppercut
- Preparing to Throw a Javelin
What is the sporting example for the Triceps?
- Press up
- Hand off in Rugby
What is the sporting example for the External Obliques?
- Crunches
What is the sporting example for the Gluteus Maximus?
- Pull Leg Back Before Kicking a Ball
What is the sporting example for the Hip Flexors?
- Lifting Knees when Sprinting
What is the sporting example for the Quadriceps?
- Kicking a Ball
- Jumping Upwards
What is the sporting example for the Hamstrings?
- Bending Knee Before Kicking a Ball
What is the sporting example for the Gastrocnemius?
- Running
- Gymnastics
What is the sporting example for the Tibialis Anterior
- Ski Jumping
- Hurdling
What are the Short Term Effects of the Muscular System?
- Muscle Fatigue
- Lactate Accumulation (Lactic Acid Production)
- Cramp
Why does Muscle Fatigue Occur?
- Because of anaerobic Exercise
- Not enough oxygen is available so lactic acid is produced
What happens during Lactate Accumulation?
- Muscles feel painful and tired
- Occurs when lactic acid gathers because of anaerobic respiration
What happens during Cramp?
- Caused by playing at high intensity for prolonged periods of time or when dehydrated
- Severe muscle fatigue where muscles contract involuntary
- Causes pain
What are the Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System?
- Increased strength of ligaments and tendons
- Reduces injury
- Muscle hypertrophy (get bigger)
- More strength, more power, more speed
