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PE > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Different Types of Muscles?

A
  • Voluntary Muscles
  • Involuntary Muscles
  • Cardiac Muscles
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2
Q

What are Voluntary Muscles?

A
  • Found on the Skeleton e.g. Biceps, Triceps, Quadriceps
  • Conscious Control
  • Attach to the Skeleton to Create Movement
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3
Q

What are Involuntary Muscles?

A
  • Found in the Stomach, Intestines & Blood Vessels
  • Unconscious Control
  • Contract Slowly and Rhythmically
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4
Q

What are Cardiac Muscles?

A
  • Found in the Wall of the Heart
  • Unconscious Control
  • Do Not Tire
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5
Q

What are the Muscle Fibres?

A
  • Type 1 (Slow Twitch)
  • Type 2a (Fast Twitch)
  • Type 2x (Fast Twitch)
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6
Q

When are Type 1 Muscle Fibres Most used?

A
  • Aerobic Events

- Marathon Running

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7
Q

When are Type 2a Muscle Fibres Most used?

A
  • 400m Race

Both Aerobic and Anaerobic

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8
Q

When are Type 2x Muscle Fibres Most used?

A
  • Anaerobic Events

- 100m Sprint

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9
Q

What are Antagonistic Muscle Pairs?

A

When one Muscle Contracts (Agonist), the Other Relaxes (Antagonist)

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10
Q

What are the Antagonistic Pairs?

A
  • Quadriceps and Hamstrings
  • Hip Flexors and Gluteus Maximus
  • Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior
  • Biceps and Triceps
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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Type 1 Muscle Fibres (Slow Twitch)?

A
  • Low Force of Contraction
  • Slow Speed of Contraction
  • High Resistance to Fatigue
  • Aerobic
  • High Myoglobin
  • High Mitochondria
  • Good Capillary Network
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of Type 2a Muscle Fibres (Fast Twitch)?

A
  • High Force of Contraction
  • Medium Speed of Contraction
  • Moderate Resistance to Fatigue
  • Aerobic and Anaerobic
  • Medium Myoglobin
  • Medium Mitochondria
  • Moderate Capillary Network
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Type 2x Muscle Fibres (Fast Twitch)?

A
  • Very High Force of Contraction
  • Fast Speed of Contraction
  • Low Resistance to Fatigue
  • Anaerobic
  • Low Myoglobin
  • Low Mitochondria
  • Low Capillary Network
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14
Q

How do the Skeletal System and Muscular System work together?

A
  • Bones Provide Anchors for Muscles to Attach

- Muscles Attach to Bone Through Tendons, when Muscles Contract, they Pull on Bones to Create Movement

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15
Q

Where is the Deltoid located?

A

Shoulder

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16
Q

Where is the Pectoralis Major located?

A

Chest

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17
Q

Where is the Latissimus Dorsi located?

A

Back Muscle

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18
Q

Where is the Biceps located?

A

Front of Upper Arm

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19
Q

Where is the Triceps located?

A

Back of Upper Arm

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20
Q

Where is the External Obliques located?

A

Side of Abdomen

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21
Q

Where is the Gluteus Maximus located?

A

Form the Buttocks

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22
Q

Where is the Hip Flexors located?

A

Front of the Hip

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23
Q

Where is the Quadriceps located?

A

Front of Upper Leg

24
Q

Where is the Hamstrings located?

A

Back of Upper Leg

25
Q

Where is the Gastrocnemius located?

A

Calf Muscle

26
Q

Where is the Tibialis Anterior located?

A

Shin

27
Q

What does the Deltoid do?

A

Move the Upper Arm in all Direction from the Shoulder

28
Q

What does the Pectoralis Major do?

A

Adducts the Arm at the Shoulder

29
Q

What does the Latissimus Dorsi do?

A

Adducts and Extends the Arm at the Shoulder

30
Q

What does the Biceps do?

A

Elbow Flexion (Bending)

31
Q

What does the Triceps do?

A

Elbow Extension (Straightening)

32
Q

What do the Eternal Obliques do?

A
  • Pulls the Chest Downwards

- Flexion and Rotation at the Spinal Column

33
Q

What does the Gluteus Maximus do?

A
  • Adducts and Extends the Hips

- Pulls the Leg Backwards

34
Q

What does the Hip Flexors do?

A
  • Flexes the Hip

- Moves the Hip Upwards

35
Q

What does the Quadriceps do?

A

Knee Extension (Straightening)

36
Q

What does the Hamstrings do?

A

Knee Flexion (Bending)

37
Q

What does the Gastrocnemius do?

A

Plantar Flexion (Points the Toes)

38
Q

What does the Tibialis Anterior do?

A

Dorsi Flexion (Pulls Toes Upwards)

39
Q

What is the sporting example for the Deltoid?

A
  • Serve in Tennis

- Front Crawl

40
Q

What is the sporting example for the Pectoralis Major?

A
  • Forehand Drive in Tennis

- Hand off in Rugby

41
Q

What is the sporting example for the Latissimus Dorsi?

A
  • Butterfly Stroke

- Rowing Stroke

42
Q

What is the sporting example for the Biceps?

A
  • Boxing Uppercut

- Preparing to Throw a Javelin

43
Q

What is the sporting example for the Triceps?

A
  • Press up

- Hand off in Rugby

44
Q

What is the sporting example for the External Obliques?

A
  • Crunches
45
Q

What is the sporting example for the Gluteus Maximus?

A
  • Pull Leg Back Before Kicking a Ball
46
Q

What is the sporting example for the Hip Flexors?

A
  • Lifting Knees when Sprinting
47
Q

What is the sporting example for the Quadriceps?

A
  • Kicking a Ball

- Jumping Upwards

48
Q

What is the sporting example for the Hamstrings?

A
  • Bending Knee Before Kicking a Ball
49
Q

What is the sporting example for the Gastrocnemius?

A
  • Running

- Gymnastics

50
Q

What is the sporting example for the Tibialis Anterior

A
  • Ski Jumping

- Hurdling

51
Q

What are the Short Term Effects of the Muscular System?

A
  • Muscle Fatigue
  • Lactate Accumulation (Lactic Acid Production)
  • Cramp
52
Q

Why does Muscle Fatigue Occur?

A
  • Because of anaerobic Exercise

- Not enough oxygen is available so lactic acid is produced

53
Q

What happens during Lactate Accumulation?

A
  • Muscles feel painful and tired

- Occurs when lactic acid gathers because of anaerobic respiration

54
Q

What happens during Cramp?

A
  • Caused by playing at high intensity for prolonged periods of time or when dehydrated
  • Severe muscle fatigue where muscles contract involuntary
  • Causes pain
55
Q

What are the Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System?

A
  • Increased strength of ligaments and tendons
  • Reduces injury
  • Muscle hypertrophy (get bigger)
  • More strength, more power, more speed

PE (10 decks)

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