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PE > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Cardiovascular System consist of?

A
  • The Heart (Pumps Bloody Around the Body)
  • Blood (Transports Gasses, Blood Cells and Nutrients)
  • Blood Vessels (Carry the Blood)
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2
Q

What are the functions of the Cardiovascular System?

A
  • Transport of Nutrients
  • Transport of Oxygen
  • Transport of Carbon Dioxide
  • Clotting of Open Wounds
  • Regulation of Body Temperature
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3
Q

What does it mean when ‘Transport of Nutrients’ is said?

A
  • Nutrients we eat are Broken Down from the Food we eat and Transported to the Body in the Blood
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4
Q

What does it mean when ‘Transport of Oxygen’ is said?

A
  • It Transports Oxygen Around the Body in the Blood

- Oxygen is Needed to Provide Energy to the Working Muscles during Aerobic Exercise

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5
Q

What does it mean when ‘Transport of Carbon Dioxide’ is said?

A
  • Carbon Dioxide is Produced as a By-Product during Energy Production
  • It takes Carbon Dioxide away from the Muscles to the Lungs and Exhaled
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6
Q

What does it mean when ‘Clotting of Open Wounds’ is said?

A
  • Blood Contains Blood Cells called Platelets
  • They are Transported in the Blood
  • They Help to Clot Wounds by Performing a Plug to Prevent Blood Loss
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7
Q

What does it mean when ‘Regulation of Body Temperature’ is said?

A
  • Blood Vessels can Help Regulate Body Temperature
  • When we get, Hot Blood Vessels Near the Skin get Bigger (Vasodilation) This will Increase Blood Flow so Heat can Radiate from the Skin
  • When we get Cold, Blood Vessels Near the Skin get Smaller (Vasoconstriction) This will Decrease Blood Flow so Less Heat is Lost Through Radiation
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8
Q

What is Vascular Shunting?

A
  • When we Exercise Blood is Redistributed
  • The Working Muscles need more Oxygen than other Inactive Areas of the Body such as the Stomach
  • Blood is Diverted Away from Inactive Areas to the Working Muscles
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9
Q

What is Vasoconstriction?

A
  • Blood Vessels Constrict to make them Smaller

- Chemical Changes Signal the Nervous System to Constrict Blood Vessels to Inactive Areas

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10
Q

What is Vasodilation?

A
  • The Blood Vessels Dilate to make them Bigger

- Chemical Changes Signal the Nervous System to Dilate Blood Vessels that Supply Active Areas

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11
Q

What does the Septum do?

A
  • Separates the Right and Left Sides of the Heart
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12
Q

What do Valves do?

A
  • Prevents the Backflow of the Blood
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13
Q

What do Veins do?

A
  • Takes Blood Towards the Heart
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14
Q

What do Arteries do?

A
  • Takes Blood Away from the Heart
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15
Q

What does the Pulmonary Artery do?

A
  • Takes Blood to the Lungs
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16
Q

What does the Pulmonary Vein do?

A
  • Takes Blood From the Lungs back to the Heart
17
Q

What does the Aorta do?

A
  • Delivers Oxygenated Blood to the Body
18
Q

What is the Structure of an Artery?

A
  • Thick Muscular Walls
  • Thick Elastic Walls
  • Small Lumen (Internal Diameter)
  • Carry Blood at High Pressure
  • Carries Blood away from the Heart
  • Usually carries Oxygenates Blood (Except the Pulmonary Artery)
19
Q

What is the structure of a Vein?

A
  • Thin Walls
  • Large Lumen (Internal Diameter)
  • Carries Blood at Low Pressure
  • Contains Valves
  • Mainly Carry Deoxygenates Blood (Except the Pulmonary Vein)
20
Q

What is the structure of a Capillary?

A
  • Very Thin Walls
  • Small Lumen (Internal Diameter)
  • Link Smaller Arteries with Small Veins
  • Allow Gaseous Exchange
21
Q

What are the Components/Functions of Blood?

A
  • Red Blood Cells
  • White Blood Cells
  • Platelets
  • Plasma
22
Q

What do Red Blood Cells do?

A
  • Carry Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
  • Oxygen Binds with Haemoglobin in the Blood. It’s then Transported to Working Muscles by the Plasma
  • Waste Product Carbon Dioxide is also Transported by Red Blood Cells, it is also Carries by the Plasma
23
Q

What do White Blood Cells do?

A
  • Fight Infection and Disease
  • When Playing Sport, they Prevent Infection if we get Cut or Scratched
  • Keep us Healthy so we are Fit to Train and do Physical Activity
24
Q

What do Platelets do?

A
  • Help Prevent Bleeding by Clotting (Sticking Together) and Forming a Plug
  • It allows Performers such as Boxers to Stop the Bleeding if they get a Cut, Allowing them to Continue Performing
25
Q

What does Plasma do?

A
  • Liquid of the Blood

- Acts as a Transport System that Transports the Blood Cells, Platelets and Nutrients to Different Parts of the Body

26
Q

What are the Short Term Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System?

A
  • Blood Pressure Increases
  • Heart Rate Increases
  • Stroke Volume Increases
  • Cardiac Output Increases
27
Q

What is Heart Rate?

A

Number of times the heart beats per minute

28
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

A

Amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat

29
Q

What is Blood Pressure?

A

Pressure of blood against the walls of the blood vessels

30
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

Amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute

HR x SV = CO

31
Q

What are the Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Cardiovascular System?

A
  • Increase elasticity of walls of veins and arteries
  • Increase in size and strength of heart
  • Increase in resting stroke volume
  • Regular exercise causes the cardiovascular system to work efficiently
  • Lower resting heart rate
  • Increased maximum cardiac output during exercise
  • More capillaries
  • More red blood cells
32
Q

What are the Benefits of Increase Elasticity of Walls of Veins and Arteries?

A
  • Decrease resting blood pressure

- Reduces CHD

33
Q

What are the Benefits of Increase in Size and Strength of Heart?

A
  • Increases SV and CO so more blood leaves the heart with less beats
34
Q

What are the Benefits of Increase in Resting Stroke Volume?

A
  • More blood leaves the heart in less beats

- Decreases resting BP

35
Q

What are the Benefits of the Cardiovascular System Working more Efficiently?

A
  • Reduces chances of stroke, heart disease and type 2 diabetes

PE (10 decks)

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