Respiratory System

Question 1

What is Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 1

• The release of energy from the breakdown of glucose by combining with oxygen.
• Occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

Question 2

What is Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 2

• A short-term energy production without using oxygen, occurs when animals can’t exchange enough oxygen to carry out strenuous exercise.
• Less efficient.
• Occurs in Cytoplasm.
• Leaves behind poisonous chemical: Lactic Acid

Question 3

Describe the Mammal Respiratory System

Answer 3

1) Nasal Chambers: Two sections, warms air if too cold and moistens if too dry
2) Larynx: Stops anything other than gases going through
3) Pharynx: Area at the back of the throat
4) Trachea: Attaches Larynx and Pharynx to Bronchi, flexible to allow movement
5) Bronchi: Split in two to enter both lungs, divides to smaller branches to make Bronchioles
6) Bronchioles: Connects Bronchi to Alveoli
7) Alveoli: Small air sacs, gas exchange occurs here
8) Lungs: Divided into lobes, left = 3 lobes / right = 4 lobes

Question 4

Describe the Mammal Gas Exchange Process

Answer 4

1) Haemoglobin in red blood cells loads oxygen at the lungs and unloads it at respiring tissues.
2) Loads carbon dioxide at respiring tissue and unloads at the lungs
3) Alveoli has a good blood supply and a large surface area to aid this process

Atmosphere > Trachea > Bronchi > Bronchioles > Blood > Cells > Blood > Alveoli > Bronchioles > Bronchi > Trachea > Atmosphere

Question 5

Describe the Avian Respiratory System

Answer 5

1) Nares: Nostrils where air enters
2) Trachea: Allows air flow
3) Syrinx: Vocalisation
4) Ventrobronchi: Connects Trachea to Air sacs
5) Dorsobronchi
6) Air sacs: 7-9 of these, extends into some bones, diffuses oxygen into the lungs
7) Air capillaries in air sacs for gas exchange
8) Lungs: Doesn’t expand / contract as no diaphragm, pressure changes moves air through the sacs

Question 6

Describe the Avian Ventilation Process

Answer 6

1) Inhalation: Air passes through nares, larynx and syrinx into trachea then into posterior air sacs
2) Exhalation: Air moves from posterior air sacs to lungs via bronchi
3) Inhalation: Air moves from lungs to cranial air sacs
4) Exhalation: Air moves from cranial air sacs through trachea, syrinx, larynx, nares then out of the body

Question 7

What is the equation for Aerobic Respiration?

Answer 7

Glucose+Oxygen —> Co2+water+ATP

Question 8

What is the equation for Anaerobic Respiration?

Answer 8

Glucose —> Lactic Acid+ATP

Question 9

What is Lactic Acid?

Answer 9

• A chemical used during Anaeobic Respiration to help glucose breakdown
• Build-up can cause muscle pain, cramp and fatigue
• Liver breaks this down after
• Oxygen debt is the amount of O2 required in order to breakdown lactic acid

Question 10

How are Alveoli adapted for efficient gas exchange?

Answer 10

• Very thin

- Large surface area