Digestive System Flashcards
What are the 6 essential nutrients?
- Protein
- Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
What is protein needed for?
Growth and repair for tissues and cells
What is lipids needed for?
- Supplies and stores energy
- Insulation for warmth
What are carbohydrates used for?
The body’s preferred energy source
What are Vitamins used for?
Promotes chemical reactions in the body
What are Minerals used for?
- Aids animals growth and maintenance of bones and teeth
- Helps water regulation
What is Water used for?
- Aids chemical reactions and moves chemicals around the body
- Regulates temperature
- Removes waste (urine)
Describe the Monogastric Digestive System
1) Mouth: Food mechanically broken down by teeth, saliva added for chemical digestion
2) Oesophagus: Connects mouth to stomach
3) Stomach: Hydrochloric acid and enzymes added for food breakdown
4) Deudenum (small intestine): Bile added to emulsify
5) Jejunum and Ileum (small intestine): Nutrients absorbed into bloodstream. Chemical and mechanical
6) Large intestine: Caecum, Colon. Water + water soluble vitamins absorbed
7) Rectum (large intestine): Waste material stored, excreted through Anus.
Describe the Ruminant Digestive System
1) Mouth: Food mechanically broken down by teeth, saliva added for chemical digestion
2) Oesophagus: Connects mouth to stomach
3) Rumen (Stomach): Fermentation occurs, uses heat, microbes and no oxygen. Contracts 1-3 times p/min to churn food.
4) Reticulum (Stomach): Aids rumen, acts like a filter. Undigested food (cud) goes through reverse peristasis (regurgitation) for more chewing then reswallowed.
5) Omasum (Stomach): Some water is absorbed
6) Abomasum (Stomach): The true stomach, digestive enzymes found here, salt and remaining matter turned to liquid for absorption
7) Small intestine: Absorbs fats, proteins, carbohydrates and fat soluble vitamins
8) Large Intestine: Water absorbed, remaining undigested food excreted through anus
What are the 4 chambers in the Ruminant Digestive System?
1) Rumen
2) Reticulum
3) Omasum
4) Abomasum
Describe the Hindgut Digestive System
1) Mouth: Food mechanically broken down by teeth, saliva added for chemical digestion
2) Oesophagus: Connects mouth to stomach
3) Stomach: Hydrochloric acid and enzymes added for food breakdown
4) Deudenum (Small Intestine): Bile added to emulsify
5) Jejunum and Ileum (Small Intestine): Nutrients absorbed into bloodstream. Chemical and mechanical
6) Caecum (Large Intestine): Fermentation occurs, bacteria anaerobically break down tough cellulose food.
7) Colon and Rectum (Large Intestine): Water absorbed, remaining undigested food excreted through anus
Describe the Bird Digestive System
1) Beak: Tongue moves food down oesophagus whole, no saliva involved
2) Oesophagus: Connects beak to crop
3) Crop: Temporary food storage, food moistened
4) Proventriculus: Like a stomach, enzymes + hydrochloric acid reduces food to liquid form
5) Glizzard: Grit to grind food down, mechanical digestion
6) Small Intestine: Absorbs whatever is liquified enough
7) Caecum (Large Intestine): Pouch-like compartment, water absorbed, remaining food is fermented
8) Colon and Rectum (Large Intestine): Water absorbed, remaining undigested food stored
9) Cloaca: Digestive and Urinary waste excrete as one substance
What animals have a Hindgut Digestive System?
- Rabbits
- Horses
What animals have a Ruminant Digestive System?
- Cows
- Deer
- Sheep
What animals have a Monogastric Digestive System?
- Cats
- Dogs
- Humans
- Pigs
