Cells Flashcards
What is another word for
cell?
Cyte
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Produces ribosomes and protein synthesis
What are the necessary parts of the cell called?
Organelles
What is the function of the Golgi Complex / Apparatus?
Stores and transports proteins and lipids
What is Mitosis?
The process of creating new body cells
What are the 5 stages of mitosis?
IPMAT
1) interphase
2) prophase
3) metaphase
4) anaphase
5) telophase (followed by cytokinesis)
What are the 13 organelles?
- nucelus
- nucleolus
- cilia
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- golgi complex
- ribosomes
- lysosomes
- peroxisomes
- mitochondria
- rough endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- centrioles
What is the differences between a Eukaryotic cell and a Prokaryotic cell?
- Eukaryotic cells have nucleus’s, prokaryotic don’t
- prokaryotic cells don’t have membrane bound organelles
What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)?
- Contains ribosomes
- Creates and stores proteins
What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)?
- Creation and storage of lipids and steroids
What is the role of the Plasma Membrane?
- to control transport of molecules in and out of cells
- to separate contents of cells from the outside environment
- to allow other cells to recognise it as a body cell
- to allow cells to signal eachother
- allows binding of hormones or drugs to bind to receptors
What is the function of Phospholipids in the Plasma Membrane?
To control what enters and exits the cell, has a bi-layer (double layer)
What is the function of the Integral Protein in the Plasma Membrane?
To transport molecules in and out of the cell
What is the function of Glycoproteins and Glycolipids in the Plasma Membrane?
Used for cell recognition, cell signalling and receptors.
These are Carbohydrates attached to proteins.
What are the Peripheral Protein in the Plasma Membrane?
Enzymes
What is the function of the Cholesterol in the Plasma Membrane?
To maintain stability for the cell
What is the function of Lysosomes?
They contain enzymes which help digest waste products and debris
What is the function of Peroxisomes?
They contain oxidative enzymes to remove toxic substances from the cell
What are Chromosomes?
Found in the nucleolus of the cell and contain strands of DNA. These are in pairs
What is the purpose for Cell Division?
- For growth and repair of cells.
- For reproduction / formation of gametes, sperm and eggs
What are the 4 Nucleotides within DNA?
ATCG
- Adenine which pairs with Thymine
- Cytosine which pairs with Guanine
These form DNA and carries genetic information
What are Genes?
Short sections of DNA that carry genetic code for specific characteristics / cell activities
What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
Cause: Mutations within DNA causing alterations in a base pairing sequence.
Symptoms: Brittle bones, increased risk of injuries, slow healing
What is Simple Diffusion?
Movement of substances from a high to low concentration without using energy
What is Osmosis?
The movement of solvent molecules from a low to high concentration
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
Large / Charged molecules moving into or out of a cell with the help of membrane proteins, down a concentration gradient
What is Active Transport?
The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, uses energy.
What is the chemical for storing energy?
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
What is the chemical for releasing energy?
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
What is a Sodium-Potassium Pump?
- The movement of sodium out and potassium into a cell.
• It binds 3 potassium ions and a molecule of ATP. Channel changes shape to allow them through.
• Sodium travels through the channel.
Two potassium ions bind. Travels through the channel into the cell.
• Channel changes back to original shape
What is the function of the Channel Protein within the Plasma Membrane?
To allow things in and out of the cell.
