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Animal Biology - Btec > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is another word for

cell?

A

Cyte

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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

Produces ribosomes and protein synthesis

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3
Q

What are the necessary parts of the cell called?

A

Organelles

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4
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Complex / Apparatus?

A

Stores and transports proteins and lipids

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5
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The process of creating new body cells

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6
Q

What are the 5 stages of mitosis?

A

IPMAT

1) interphase
2) prophase
3) metaphase
4) anaphase
5) telophase (followed by cytokinesis)

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7
Q

What are the 13 organelles?

A
  • nucelus
  • nucleolus
  • cilia
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • golgi complex
  • ribosomes
  • lysosomes
  • peroxisomes
  • mitochondria
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • centrioles
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8
Q

What is the differences between a Eukaryotic cell and a Prokaryotic cell?

A
  • Eukaryotic cells have nucleus’s, prokaryotic don’t

- prokaryotic cells don’t have membrane bound organelles

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9
Q

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER)?

A
  • Contains ribosomes

- Creates and stores proteins

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10
Q

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER)?

A
  • Creation and storage of lipids and steroids
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11
Q

What is the role of the Plasma Membrane?

A
  • to control transport of molecules in and out of cells
  • to separate contents of cells from the outside environment
  • to allow other cells to recognise it as a body cell
  • to allow cells to signal eachother
  • allows binding of hormones or drugs to bind to receptors
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12
Q

What is the function of Phospholipids in the Plasma Membrane?

A

To control what enters and exits the cell, has a bi-layer (double layer)

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13
Q

What is the function of the Integral Protein in the Plasma Membrane?

A

To transport molecules in and out of the cell

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14
Q

What is the function of Glycoproteins and Glycolipids in the Plasma Membrane?

A

Used for cell recognition, cell signalling and receptors.

These are Carbohydrates attached to proteins.

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15
Q

What are the Peripheral Protein in the Plasma Membrane?

A

Enzymes

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16
Q

What is the function of the Cholesterol in the Plasma Membrane?

A

To maintain stability for the cell

17
Q

What is the function of Lysosomes?

A

They contain enzymes which help digest waste products and debris

18
Q

What is the function of Peroxisomes?

A

They contain oxidative enzymes to remove toxic substances from the cell

19
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

Found in the nucleolus of the cell and contain strands of DNA. These are in pairs

20
Q

What is the purpose for Cell Division?

A
  • For growth and repair of cells.

- For reproduction / formation of gametes, sperm and eggs

21
Q

What are the 4 Nucleotides within DNA?

A

ATCG
- Adenine which pairs with Thymine
- Cytosine which pairs with Guanine
These form DNA and carries genetic information

22
Q

What are Genes?

A

Short sections of DNA that carry genetic code for specific characteristics / cell activities

23
Q

What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta?

A

Cause: Mutations within DNA causing alterations in a base pairing sequence.

Symptoms: Brittle bones, increased risk of injuries, slow healing

24
Q

What is Simple Diffusion?

A

Movement of substances from a high to low concentration without using energy

25
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

The movement of solvent molecules from a low to high concentration

26
Q

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

A

Large / Charged molecules moving into or out of a cell with the help of membrane proteins, down a concentration gradient

27
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, uses energy.

28
Q

What is the chemical for storing energy?

A

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

29
Q

What is the chemical for releasing energy?

A

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

30
Q

What is a Sodium-Potassium Pump?

A
  • The movement of sodium out and potassium into a cell.
    • It binds 3 potassium ions and a molecule of ATP. Channel changes shape to allow them through.
    • Sodium travels through the channel.
    Two potassium ions bind. Travels through the channel into the cell.
    • Channel changes back to original shape
31
Q

What is the function of the Channel Protein within the Plasma Membrane?

A

To allow things in and out of the cell.

Animal Biology - Btec (17 decks)

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