Classification

Question 1

What are the Taxonomy groups?

Answer 1

1) Kindom
2) Phylum
3) Class
4) Order
5) Family
6) Genus
7) Species

Question 2

What are Binominal names?

Answer 2

• 2 latin names every animal is given:
  • Genus (uppercase first letter)
  • Species (lowercase first letter)

Question 3

What are the Vertebrate Classes?

Answer 3

1) Pisces (Fish - gills, wet scales, ectothermic)
2) Reptilla (Reptiles - Dry scales, eggs, ectothermic)
3) Amphibia (Amphibians - Eggs, moist skin, ectothermic)
4) Aves (Birds - Eggs, feather, beans, endothermic)
5) Mammalia (Mammals - Live bearing, milk, endothermic)

Question 4

How do we know animals are related?

Answer 4

1) DNA Sequencing: Proteins coded by DNA
2) Dna Hybridisation: DNA similarity Hydrogen bonds + how much heat breaks bonds - higher heat = closer related
3) Biochemical: Substances found within animal e.g. does animal maintain own heat?
4) Immune systems: Antibodies + antigens to see if recognised.
See what animals recognise as diseases and what they can kill off; e.g. bird flu no effect on dogs
5) Amino acid compassion: Amino acids formed through nucleotide sequencing. what proteins are produced by animal

Question 5

What are Cladistics?

Answer 5

• Evolutionary relationship between species

• Cladograms = Tree diagrams, species must share a common ancestor and be in the same taxon in order to be grouped

Question 6

What are some Classification Difficulties?

Answer 6

• Armadillo (Mammals):
  • ‘Armour’ is covered in scales like reptiles
• Bat (Mammals):
  • Only mammals to fly
  • Shows characteristics of Aves
• Duck-Billed Platypus (Mammals):
  • Aves characteristics; webbed feet, eggs
  • Feeds offsprings milk
• Whales (Mammals):
  • Warm blooded
  • 4 Chambered heart (fish have 2)
• Pangolin (Mammals):
  • Similar characteristics to Aves and Reptilia
  • Covered in Keratinised scaled
  • Spines in stomach help grind food, similar to birds gizzard

Question 7

What is Variation in animals?

Answer 7

• Differences between organisms, linked to differences in DNA
• Passed on from parents to offspring
• Offspring likely to inherit advantageous variations, natural selection

Question 8

What are Adaptations in animals?

Answer 8

• Occur over many generations through variations
• 3 Types:
  1) Physiological: Body process adaptations (e.g. snakes produce venom)
  2) Anatomical: Shape + Structure (e.g. bat wings)
  3) Behavioural: Communication + survival strategy (e.g. migration in birds)

Question 9

What is Speciation?

Answer 9

• The formation of a new species as a part of the evolutionary process.
• Species can separate into 3 if they develop different advantageous variations