respiratory system Flashcards
nasal septum
the partition that divides the 2 equal cavities of the nose
perpendicular ethmoid
one bone that makes up the nasal septum
vomer
one bone that makes up the nasal septum
external nares
nostrils
choanae
internal nares that link the external nares to the nasopharynx
conchae bones
turbinate bones, they create a passageway for the air
meatus
passage created by the conchae where air flows
epithelium
lining of small cavities
epistaxis
nosebleed
olfaction
sense of smell
maxillary sinus
one of the paired paranasal sinuses located in body of maxilla
frontal sinus
one of paired irregular shaped paranasal sinuses located in the frontal bone
auditory
pert to sense of hearing
eustachian
tube connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear
laryngopharynx
where the respiratory and digestive systems diverge
thyroid
gland in the lower part of front of neck
cricoid
ring-shaped cartilage making up the lower larynx
arytenoid
vocal cord cartilage
bifurcates
divided into 2 branches
bifurcation
site where a single structure divides into 2.
carina
cartilaginous plate of the trachea
tertiary
third in order
alveolar ducts
small passages connecting the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar sacs.
alveoli
functional units of the respiratory system
mediastinal space
space separating the lungs
mediastinum
mass of tissues and organs separating the two pleural sacs
lobules
division of lung lobes
pleura
serous membrane of the thoracic cavity
visceral
pleura which is adherent to the outer surface of the lung
parietal
pleura that lines the thoracic wall and diaphragm
incentive spirometry
measurement of the breathing capacity of the lungs
pulmonary alveoli
small outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs where gas exchange takes place
rales
discontinuous nonmusical sounds heard primarily during inspiration, aka crackles
rhonchi
continuous dry rattling sounds in throat or bronchial tube due to a partial obstruction
stridor
a musical sound, heard with a stethoscope on inspiration
auscultation
listening for sounds within the body
percussion
striking a part with short, sharp blows
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in the blood
anoxia
total lack of oxygen in the blood
hypercapnia
abundance of carbon dioxide in the blood
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
chronic respiratory failure associated with various acute pulmonary injuries. characterized by pulmonary edema, respiratory distress, hypoxemia.
paroxysmal
sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of a lung, a shrunken or airless lung
fetid
rank or bad smell
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
persistent airway obstructions
emphysema
accumulation of air in tissues or organs, especially the lungs
hyaline membrane disease
disorder usually affecting newborns in which the alveoli are lined by a hyaline material
infiltrate
material deposited in organs or cells which are not normal to it or in excessive quantities
pleural effusion
excess fluid in the pleural space
serous
clear and yellow fluid
sanguineous
bloody or blood-tinged fluid
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleura
pneumoconiosis
occupational pneumonia
anthracosis
common type of pneumoconiosis aka black lung
berylliosis
type of pneumoconiosis due to beryllium dust
silicosis
pneumoconiosis due to sand particles
consolidation
pathologic process where normally aerated lung tissue is converted into a dense, airless mass
Hemophilus influenzae
second most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumoniae
most frequent of the gram-negative bacilli and it normally affects already compromised lungs, such as young or old patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram-negative pathogen
Acinetobacter
gram negative pathogen
Legionella pneumophila
aka Legionnaires’ disease, this accounts for 1 to 8% of pneumonias, occurs at any age
Mycoplasma pneumonia
most common in children and young adults but is quite rare.
pneumothorax
free air in the pleural cavity between the visceral and parietal pleurae. can occur spontaneously or because of trauma
sarcoidosis
aka Boeck sarcoid, systemic disease with unknown etiology, most severe manifestation being granulomatous pneumonitis
granulomatous
pertaining to any small nodular aggregation of a certain kind of cells.
tuberculosis
chronic infection most common in lungs, although any organ may be affected. caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. active TB has great potential to destroy lung and to kill, but is asymptomatic except for not feeling well, cough, dyspnea and pleural effusion
Wegener’s granulomatosis
uncommon disease that usually begins as a localized granulomatous inflammation of the upper or lower respiratory tract mucosa
