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bones > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

nasal septum

A

the partition that divides the 2 equal cavities of the nose

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2
Q

perpendicular ethmoid

A

one bone that makes up the nasal septum

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3
Q

vomer

A

one bone that makes up the nasal septum

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4
Q

external nares

A

nostrils

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5
Q

choanae

A

internal nares that link the external nares to the nasopharynx

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6
Q

conchae bones

A

turbinate bones, they create a passageway for the air

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7
Q

meatus

A

passage created by the conchae where air flows

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8
Q

epithelium

A

lining of small cavities

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9
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

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10
Q

olfaction

A

sense of smell

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11
Q

maxillary sinus

A

one of the paired paranasal sinuses located in body of maxilla

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12
Q

frontal sinus

A

one of paired irregular shaped paranasal sinuses located in the frontal bone

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13
Q

auditory

A

pert to sense of hearing

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14
Q

eustachian

A

tube connecting the nasopharynx to the middle ear

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15
Q

laryngopharynx

A

where the respiratory and digestive systems diverge

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16
Q

thyroid

A

gland in the lower part of front of neck

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17
Q

cricoid

A

ring-shaped cartilage making up the lower larynx

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18
Q

arytenoid

A

vocal cord cartilage

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19
Q

bifurcates

A

divided into 2 branches

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20
Q

bifurcation

A

site where a single structure divides into 2.

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21
Q

carina

A

cartilaginous plate of the trachea

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22
Q

tertiary

A

third in order

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23
Q

alveolar ducts

A

small passages connecting the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar sacs.

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24
Q

alveoli

A

functional units of the respiratory system

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25
Q

mediastinal space

A

space separating the lungs

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26
Q

mediastinum

A

mass of tissues and organs separating the two pleural sacs

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27
Q

lobules

A

division of lung lobes

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28
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane of the thoracic cavity

29
Q

visceral

A

pleura which is adherent to the outer surface of the lung

30
Q

parietal

A

pleura that lines the thoracic wall and diaphragm

31
Q

incentive spirometry

A

measurement of the breathing capacity of the lungs

32
Q

pulmonary alveoli

A

small outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs where gas exchange takes place

33
Q

rales

A

discontinuous nonmusical sounds heard primarily during inspiration, aka crackles

34
Q

rhonchi

A

continuous dry rattling sounds in throat or bronchial tube due to a partial obstruction

35
Q

stridor

A

a musical sound, heard with a stethoscope on inspiration

36
Q

auscultation

A

listening for sounds within the body

37
Q

percussion

A

striking a part with short, sharp blows

38
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the blood

39
Q

anoxia

A

total lack of oxygen in the blood

40
Q

hypercapnia

A

abundance of carbon dioxide in the blood

41
Q

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

chronic respiratory failure associated with various acute pulmonary injuries. characterized by pulmonary edema, respiratory distress, hypoxemia.

42
Q

paroxysmal

A

sudden recurrence or intensification of symptoms

43
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of a lung, a shrunken or airless lung

44
Q

fetid

A

rank or bad smell

45
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

persistent airway obstructions

46
Q

emphysema

A

accumulation of air in tissues or organs, especially the lungs

47
Q

hyaline membrane disease

A

disorder usually affecting newborns in which the alveoli are lined by a hyaline material

48
Q

infiltrate

A

material deposited in organs or cells which are not normal to it or in excessive quantities

49
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess fluid in the pleural space

50
Q

serous

A

clear and yellow fluid

51
Q

sanguineous

A

bloody or blood-tinged fluid

52
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura

53
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

occupational pneumonia

54
Q

anthracosis

A

common type of pneumoconiosis aka black lung

55
Q

berylliosis

A

type of pneumoconiosis due to beryllium dust

56
Q

silicosis

A

pneumoconiosis due to sand particles

57
Q

consolidation

A

pathologic process where normally aerated lung tissue is converted into a dense, airless mass

58
Q

Hemophilus influenzae

A

second most common cause of bacterial pneumonia

59
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

most frequent of the gram-negative bacilli and it normally affects already compromised lungs, such as young or old patients

60
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

gram-negative pathogen

61
Q

Acinetobacter

A

gram negative pathogen

62
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

aka Legionnaires’ disease, this accounts for 1 to 8% of pneumonias, occurs at any age

63
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

most common in children and young adults but is quite rare.

64
Q

pneumothorax

A

free air in the pleural cavity between the visceral and parietal pleurae. can occur spontaneously or because of trauma

65
Q

sarcoidosis

A

aka Boeck sarcoid, systemic disease with unknown etiology, most severe manifestation being granulomatous pneumonitis

66
Q

granulomatous

A

pertaining to any small nodular aggregation of a certain kind of cells.

67
Q

tuberculosis

A

chronic infection most common in lungs, although any organ may be affected. caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. active TB has great potential to destroy lung and to kill, but is asymptomatic except for not feeling well, cough, dyspnea and pleural effusion

68
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

uncommon disease that usually begins as a localized granulomatous inflammation of the upper or lower respiratory tract mucosa

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