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muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal (movement), smooth (internal organ lining), cardiac (heart)

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2
Q

origin

A

less moveable attachment of a muscle

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3
Q

insertion

A

more moveable attachment of a muscle

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4
Q

tendon

A

long strand of connective tissue that is rope like, that connects muscles to bones, more in number than aponeuroses.

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5
Q

aponeurosis

A

connective tissue that connects muscles to bone that is a flat tissue sheet.

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6
Q

anterior

A

in front of or toward the front of a body part or organ

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7
Q

coronal

A

dividing body into front and back (anterior & posterior) halves. aka frontal plane

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8
Q

distal

A

far from point of attachment

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9
Q

dorsal

A

back of body

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10
Q

inferior

A

below or downward (caudal)

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11
Q

lateral

A

to the side

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12
Q

medial

A

middle

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13
Q

posterior

A

back side

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14
Q

proximal

A

close to any point of refrence

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15
Q

sagittal

A

division of body into right and left sides

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16
Q

superior

A

above or directed upward

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17
Q

transverse

A

crosswise section (top and bottom)

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18
Q

ventral

A

position toward the belly.

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19
Q

lateral pterygoid

A

muscle for chewing

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20
Q

medial pterygoid

A

muscle for chewing

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21
Q

risorius

A

smile muscle

22
Q

mentalis

A

chin muscle

23
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

muscle to depress the bottom lip

24
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

muscle to pull down angle of mouth

25
Q

atony

A

lack of normal tone or strength

26
Q

atrophy

A

wasting away or weakening of muscle fibers due to lack of usage

27
Q

bursa

A

a sac like cavity filled with synovial fluid and located in places where tendons or muscles pass over bony prominences.

28
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

29
Q

charley horse

A

a bruised or torn muscles accompanied by cramps and severe pain.

30
Q

cramp

A

a sustained spasm or contraction of a muscle with pain

31
Q

dystonia

A

sustained abnormal postures or disruptions of normal movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone

32
Q

Dupuytren contracture

A

painless thickening and contracture of the palmar fascia due to fibrous proliferation resulting in loss of function of the fingers

33
Q

fasciculations

A

a repetitive involuntary contraction of muscle. main cause is nerve damage

34
Q

fibromyalgia

A

a rheumatic disorder characterized by achy pain, tenderness and stiffness

35
Q

myofascial pain syndrome

A

a group of rheumatic disorders caused by achy pain, tenderness and muscles stiffness

36
Q

ganglion

A

a thin-walled band cyst formed on a joint capsule or tendon sheath

37
Q

leiomyoma

A

a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue

38
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

genetic abnormality of muscle tissue characterized by dysfunction and deterioration

39
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

40
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic progressive neuromuscular weakness, usually starting with the muscles of the face and throat

41
Q

myositis ossificans

A

disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue

42
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of nervous control of a muscle

43
Q

paraplegia

A

a paralysis of the legs

44
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all 4 limbs

45
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

excessive pulling or stretching of the calcaneal periosteum by the plantar fascia resulting in pain along the inner border of the plantar fascia.

46
Q

polymyositis

A

autoimmune disorder which causes atrophy and weakness of the muscles

47
Q

rigor mortis

A

muscular hardening occuring 4 to 7 hrs after death

48
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments due to trauma or repetitive wear.

49
Q

tennis elbow

A

aka lateral and medial epicondylitis. a strain of the lateral forearm muscles or the tendinous attachements near their origin on the epicondyle of the humerus.

50
Q

tetanus

A

disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that causes muscles to go in tetany. lockjaw

51
Q

torticollis

A

persistent contraction of a sternocleidomastoid muscle, drawing the head to one side and distorting the face.

bones (14 decks)

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