muscular system Flashcards
3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal (movement), smooth (internal organ lining), cardiac (heart)
origin
less moveable attachment of a muscle
insertion
more moveable attachment of a muscle
tendon
long strand of connective tissue that is rope like, that connects muscles to bones, more in number than aponeuroses.
aponeurosis
connective tissue that connects muscles to bone that is a flat tissue sheet.
anterior
in front of or toward the front of a body part or organ
coronal
dividing body into front and back (anterior & posterior) halves. aka frontal plane
distal
far from point of attachment
dorsal
back of body
inferior
below or downward (caudal)
lateral
to the side
medial
middle
posterior
back side
proximal
close to any point of refrence
sagittal
division of body into right and left sides
superior
above or directed upward
transverse
crosswise section (top and bottom)
ventral
position toward the belly.
lateral pterygoid
muscle for chewing
medial pterygoid
muscle for chewing
risorius
smile muscle
mentalis
chin muscle
depressor labii inferioris
muscle to depress the bottom lip
depressor anguli oris
muscle to pull down angle of mouth
atony
lack of normal tone or strength
atrophy
wasting away or weakening of muscle fibers due to lack of usage
bursa
a sac like cavity filled with synovial fluid and located in places where tendons or muscles pass over bony prominences.
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
charley horse
a bruised or torn muscles accompanied by cramps and severe pain.
cramp
a sustained spasm or contraction of a muscle with pain
dystonia
sustained abnormal postures or disruptions of normal movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone
Dupuytren contracture
painless thickening and contracture of the palmar fascia due to fibrous proliferation resulting in loss of function of the fingers
fasciculations
a repetitive involuntary contraction of muscle. main cause is nerve damage
fibromyalgia
a rheumatic disorder characterized by achy pain, tenderness and stiffness
myofascial pain syndrome
a group of rheumatic disorders caused by achy pain, tenderness and muscles stiffness
ganglion
a thin-walled band cyst formed on a joint capsule or tendon sheath
leiomyoma
a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue
muscular dystrophy
genetic abnormality of muscle tissue characterized by dysfunction and deterioration
myalgia
muscle pain
myasthenia gravis
chronic progressive neuromuscular weakness, usually starting with the muscles of the face and throat
myositis ossificans
disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue
paralysis
the loss of nervous control of a muscle
paraplegia
a paralysis of the legs
quadriplegia
paralysis of all 4 limbs
plantar fasciitis
excessive pulling or stretching of the calcaneal periosteum by the plantar fascia resulting in pain along the inner border of the plantar fascia.
polymyositis
autoimmune disorder which causes atrophy and weakness of the muscles
rigor mortis
muscular hardening occuring 4 to 7 hrs after death
tendinitis
inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments due to trauma or repetitive wear.
tennis elbow
aka lateral and medial epicondylitis. a strain of the lateral forearm muscles or the tendinous attachements near their origin on the epicondyle of the humerus.
tetanus
disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that causes muscles to go in tetany. lockjaw
torticollis
persistent contraction of a sternocleidomastoid muscle, drawing the head to one side and distorting the face.
