musculoskeletal diseases Flashcards
achondroplasia
This chondrodystrophy, characterized by an abnormality in conversion of cartilage to bone, is the most common form of short-limb dwarfism; characterized by short stature with rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, large head with frontal bossing and midface hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis,
ankylosing spondylitis
rthritis of the spine, resembling rheumatoid arthritis, which may progress to bony ankylosis with ossification of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments; the disease is more common in males
arthritis
joint inflammation
inflammation
a protective tissue response to injury or destruction of tissues
rheumatoid
arthritis characterized by inflammatory changes in body’s connective tissues
chondrosarcoma
malignant tumor of cartilage
degenerative joint disease
joint disease characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage
Ewing tumor
cancerous tumor that invades the entire shaft of bone
sarcoma
connective tissue tumor
gout
systemic disease due to deposition of urate crystals
Hurler syndrome
caused by irregular ossification and is due to an overproduction of mucopolysaccharides. symptoms: short stature, skeletal deformities, enlarged organs
mucopolysaccharides
an antiarthritic compound that increases the viscosity (stickiness) of synovial fluid
hypophosphatasia
deficiency in alkaline phosphatase
alkaline phosphatase
enzyme produced in the bone and liver
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
disease of hip joint that results in a loss of bone mass due to inadequate blood flow to the joint
Marfan syndrome
abnormal formation of connective tissue. symptoms: long, slender habitus, skeletal malformation
multiple myeloma
tumor derived from blood cells
Osgood-Schlatter disease
disease that affects the tibial tubercle, where the patella inserts onto the tibia. manifests when growth centers become stressed (usually due to athletic activity
osteochondritis dissecans
osteochondrosis involving the joints, particularly the shoulder and knee
osteochondrosis
group of developmental disorders that affect ossification centers and usually occur in adolescence
osteogenesis imperfecta
abnormal formation of connective tissue
osteoid osteoma
benign lesion that can occur in any bone, but most common in the long bones.
osteomyelitis
bacterial infection of bone, can be fungal too. most common pathogen is staphylococcus aureus.
staphylococcus aureus
staph bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles and perineum.
osteoporosis
low bone density to allow for proper support
kyphosis
forward hunching of spine
Paget disease
degenerative disorder of bone resulting in softening and swelling of bone.
psoriatic arthritis
psoriasis is a chronic skin disease which can cause scaling, dryness, pustules and abscesses to appear on nails, scalp, spine and genitalia. when joints are involved its called psoriatic arthritis.
Reiter syndrome
arthritis associated with nonbacterial urethritis, conjunctivitis, cervicitis and mucocutaneous lesions.
rickets
occurs in infants as a result of overgrowth of poorly mineralized bone and enlarged marrow cavities.
Scheuermann disease
affects the ossification centers of the vertebrae
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine in the erect position. caused by malalignment of the vertebrae.
