musculoskeletal diseases

Question 1

achondroplasia

Answer 1

This chondrodystrophy, characterized by an abnormality in conversion of cartilage to bone, is the most common form of short-limb dwarfism; characterized by short stature with rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, large head with frontal bossing and midface hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis,

Question 2

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 2

rthritis of the spine, resembling rheumatoid arthritis, which may progress to bony ankylosis with ossification of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments; the disease is more common in males

Question 3

arthritis

Answer 3

joint inflammation

Question 4

inflammation

Answer 4

a protective tissue response to injury or destruction of tissues

Question 5

rheumatoid

Answer 5

arthritis characterized by inflammatory changes in body’s connective tissues

Question 6

chondrosarcoma

Answer 6

malignant tumor of cartilage

Question 7

degenerative joint disease

Answer 7

joint disease characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage

Question 8

Ewing tumor

Answer 8

cancerous tumor that invades the entire shaft of bone

Question 9

sarcoma

Answer 9

connective tissue tumor

Question 10

gout

Answer 10

systemic disease due to deposition of urate crystals

Question 11

Hurler syndrome

Answer 11

caused by irregular ossification and is due to an overproduction of mucopolysaccharides. symptoms: short stature, skeletal deformities, enlarged organs

Question 12

mucopolysaccharides

Answer 12

an antiarthritic compound that increases the viscosity (stickiness) of synovial fluid

Question 13

hypophosphatasia

Answer 13

deficiency in alkaline phosphatase

Question 14

alkaline phosphatase

Answer 14

enzyme produced in the bone and liver

Question 15

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

Answer 15

disease of hip joint that results in a loss of bone mass due to inadequate blood flow to the joint

Question 16

Marfan syndrome

Answer 16

abnormal formation of connective tissue. symptoms: long, slender habitus, skeletal malformation

Question 17

multiple myeloma

Answer 17

tumor derived from blood cells

Question 18

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Answer 18

disease that affects the tibial tubercle, where the patella inserts onto the tibia. manifests when growth centers become stressed (usually due to athletic activity

Question 19

osteochondritis dissecans

Answer 19

osteochondrosis involving the joints, particularly the shoulder and knee

Question 20

osteochondrosis

Answer 20

group of developmental disorders that affect ossification centers and usually occur in adolescence

Question 21

osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 21

abnormal formation of connective tissue

Question 22

osteoid osteoma

Answer 22

benign lesion that can occur in any bone, but most common in the long bones.

Question 23

osteomyelitis

Answer 23

bacterial infection of bone, can be fungal too. most common pathogen is staphylococcus aureus.

Question 24

staphylococcus aureus

Answer 24

staph bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles and perineum.

Question 25

osteoporosis

Answer 25

low bone density to allow for proper support

Question 26

kyphosis

Answer 26

forward hunching of spine

Question 27

Paget disease

Answer 27

degenerative disorder of bone resulting in softening and swelling of bone.

Question 28

psoriatic arthritis

Answer 28

psoriasis is a chronic skin disease which can cause scaling, dryness, pustules and abscesses to appear on nails, scalp, spine and genitalia. when joints are involved its called psoriatic arthritis.

Question 29

Reiter syndrome

Answer 29

arthritis associated with nonbacterial urethritis, conjunctivitis, cervicitis and mucocutaneous lesions.

Question 30

rickets

Answer 30

occurs in infants as a result of overgrowth of poorly mineralized bone and enlarged marrow cavities.

Question 31

Scheuermann disease

Answer 31

affects the ossification centers of the vertebrae

Question 32

scoliosis

Answer 32

lateral curvature of the spine in the erect position. caused by malalignment of the vertebrae.