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bones > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

tunica serosa

A

outermost covering of the alimentary canal within abdominal cavity.

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2
Q

tunica muscularis

A

2 layers, inner and outer. allows the canal to be motile.

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3
Q

tunica submucosa

A

layer between the mucosal and inner muscularis layers. it is highly vascular (many blood vessels) its function is to serve the mucosal layer. contains the submucous plexus, which is critical to nervous system and provides nervous control to the mucosa.

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4
Q

tunica mucosa

A

innermost layer. most widely varied. 3 primary functions are distention, absorption and secretion.

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5
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines the abdominal cavity

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6
Q

visceral peritoneum (serosa)

A

lines each organ in abdominal cavity

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7
Q

omentum

A

double folds of peritoneum that line adjacent organs to support and transmit vessels and nerves to the organs, it also protects the organs from excessive rubbing. (2 sections include greater and lesser omentum)

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8
Q

retroperitoneal organs include:

A

pancreas, kidneys, most of duodenum and abdominal aorta

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9
Q

4 major parts of stomach

A

cardiac orifice (GE junction), fundus, body, pylorus

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10
Q

small intestine (21 ft long) 3 main regions:

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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11
Q

large intestine (wider 6cm in diameter) 4 major regions

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anus/anal canal

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12
Q

colon areas

A

1st bend is hepatic flexure, transverse colon, next bend is splenic flexure, descending colon, then the s-shaped bend is the sigmoid colon.

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13
Q

accessory organs that secrete directly to alimentary canal:

A

liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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14
Q

liver

A

largest gland in the body, produces bile

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15
Q

gallbladder

A

stores and concentrates bile and takes bile to the duodenum thru the common bile duct

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16
Q

pancreas

A

creates juices and secretes them into duodenum for food breakdown

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17
Q

rigor

A

chills

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18
Q

tenesmus

A

straining, especially ineffective and painful during a bowel movement or urination

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19
Q

achalasia

A

impairment of normal esophageal peristalsis, symptoms are dysphagia, regurgitation, noctural cough, chest pain

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20
Q

atresia

A

the absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ.

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21
Q

bezoar

A

tightly packed, partially digested hair or vegetable matter. seeds, gum, medication can mimic a bezoar

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22
Q

cheiloschisis

A

cleft lip

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23
Q

cirrhosis

A

group of liver diseases where the normal structure is destroyed over time by nodules.

24
Q

diverticulum

A

an abnormal buldge, pocket or pouch formed from a hollow or tubular structure

25
Q

Zenker diverticulum

A

the most common place that a diverticulum occurs is just below the pharynx

26
Q

dysentery

A

variety of disorders marked by inflammation of intestines, especially the colon

27
Q

amebic dysentery

A

most common type of dysentery, due to ulceration of the bowel caused by amebiasis

28
Q

cholera

A

a form of enteritis that is spread by food and water contaminated with feces

29
Q

fecalith

A

intestinal concretion (hard stool) formed around a center of fecal matter

30
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage or communication between 2 organs or from an internal organ to the surface of the body.

31
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a loop or knuckle of an organ or tissue thru an abnormal opening

32
Q

abdominal hernia

A

protrusion of internal body structure thru the abdominal wall

33
Q

hiatal hernia

A

the protrusion of the stomach above the diaphragm

34
Q

sliding hiatal hernia

A

when the stomach an a section of esophagus slide up into the chest thru the hiatus

35
Q

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

A

when the stomach squeezes thru the hiatus, but the esophagus and stomach stay in their regular locations. the stomach can become strangled and have its blood supply shut down.

36
Q

inguinal hernia

A

a hernia into the inguinal canal

37
Q

umbilical hernia

A

protrusion of part of intestine thru the umbilicus

38
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

congenital megacolon, or a dilatation and hypertrophy of the colon due to the sustained contraction of the rectosigmoid muscles

39
Q

hypertrophy

A

enlargement of an organ due to cell size increase

40
Q

ileus

A

temporary cessation of intestinal peristalsis, which often leads to obstruction.

41
Q

adynamic ileus

A

suspension of peristalsis because of paralysis or atony. can be result of drugs, toxemia, trauma or surgery.

42
Q

IBS

A

variety of bowel disorders which are inflammatory whose etiology cannot be directly determined

43
Q

Crohn disease

A

can affect any part of GI tract but is more common in the ileocecal area. frequently leads to obstruction and fistula and abscess formation

44
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic, nonspecific, inflammatory and ulcerative disease that arises in the colonic mucosa. usually involves the rectum

45
Q

intussusception

A

segment of bowel advances and protrudes into the segment distal to it

46
Q

jaundice

A

characterized by bile pigment in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae with yellow appearance. indicate a liver problem

47
Q

leukoplakia

A

white patch on mucous membrane that will not rub off and occurs in mouth.

48
Q

mumps

A

acute, highly contagious viral disease which causes painful enlargement of salivary glands.

49
Q

Giardia

A

intestinal parasite

50
Q

Barrett esophagus

A

chronic peptic ulcer of the esophagus

51
Q

polyp

A

mass of tissue that arises from the bowel wall and protrudes into the lumen.

52
Q

sessile

A

polyp attached directly to surface

53
Q

pedunculated

A

polyp attached by a stem or stalk

54
Q

Schatzki ring

A

a 2-4 cm mucosal structure, probably congenital, which causes a ring-like narrowing of the lower esophagus

55
Q

volvulus

A

intestinal obstruction that is due to a knotting or twisting of the bowel.

bones (14 decks)

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