Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the two main functions of the respiratory system?
- supply body with O2 for cellular respiration
- disposing of CO2
What 3 structures are involved in the conducting zone?
- nose
- pharynx/larynx
- primary bronchus
- trachea
What 3 structures are involved in the respiratory zone?
- alveolus
- respiratory membrane
- bronchioles
What type of cells are involved in gas exchange?
type 1 cells
What does Boyles law state?
“pressure is inversely proportional to volume”
How is ventilation caused?
change in volume (muscle contraction), which leads to change in pressure, which leads to flow of gases
During inspiration, what happens to the diaphragm and pressure?
Diaphragm contracts (structure moves down)
Causes lungs to stretch and an increased volume
This leads to decreased pressure
Air flows into lungs, stops when the pressures are equalises
Is inspiration or expiration a passive process?
Expiration
What is the title volume?
500ML
What is air made up of?
Nitrogen (N2) - 79%
Oxygen (O2) - 21%
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 0%
Water vapour – up to 0.5%
What does Dalton’s law say?
“partial pressure”
total pressure exerted by mixture of gases is equal to the sum of pressures exerted independently by each gas in mixture
What is the barometric pressure?
total air pressure
What does Henry’s law say?
a gas dissolved in a liquid in proportion to it’s partial pressure
What does compliance mean?
the ability of the lungs to expand?
What does elasticity means?
the lungs resistance to expansion
What is the primary role of surfactant?
reduces surface tension of alvelor
produced by type 2 cells
How many 02 molecules can heme carry?
4
each that join, the affinity increases
How does O2 travel from lungs to body?
hemoglobin and dissolved in plasma
How does CO2 travel from body to lungs?
dissolved in plasma, hemeoglobin or on carbonic acid
Does a build-up of CO2 lead to less or more free H+ ions?
More, lower pH
How much is the average dead space volume?
150MLs
How much is the average tidal volume?
500MLs
When the graph moves to the left, what does this mean for O2 loading?
decreased O2 loading
movement to the right, means increase O2 loading, eg. exercise
What factors influence O2 loading? (4)
partial pressure
temperature
pH
bi-products
How do you find the pulmonary ventilation rate?
tidal volume x frequency
How do you find the alveolar ventilation rate?
frequency x (tidal volume - dead space)
What is the mmHg level of O2 in the air?
160
What is the mmHg level of O2 in alveloar?
105
What is the mmHg level of O2 in blood?
40
What is the mmHg level of CO2 in blood?
45
What is the mmHg level of CO2 in alveloar?
40
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsible for?
O2 - carotid arch/aorta
What are the central chemoreceptors responsible for?
CO2 - medulla oblaganta
