Renal System Flashcards
What is the major function of the renal system?
Filter blood so they can excrete the wastes
What is the major function of the renal system?
Filter blood so they can excrete the wastes
What is the outer region of the kidney called? Colour?
Outer region – pale region, “renal cortex”
Inner region – darker, “renal medulla”
What is the major role of the nephron?
Fluid from blood is filtered, much is reabsorbed, occasionally some is secreted back into it
What section of the arteriole is first to reach the glomerular capsule?
Afferent
SAME
Why does the reabsorption of sodium, cause the reabsorption of other substances?
Electrochemical gradient drives anion reabsorption (reabsorbing a positive ion, attracting negative ions, eg. Chloride)
Where does majority of the reabsorption occur?
proximal convoluted tubule
What is the meaning of iso-osmotic volume reabsorption?
qual parts of solute and water reabsorbed
Does the loop of Henle have the same permeability?
Loop of Henle – membrane has different permeability (descending – water only, ascending – solute, not water)
What is the hormone that affects sodium and potassium at the collecting ducts?
Aldosterone
What is the hormone that affects water at the collecting ducts?
Anti-diuretic
What is the difference between tubular reabsorption and secretion?
Tubular reabsorption - sodium and water are reclaimed
Tubular secretion – substances added to filtrate
What is the process of renal tubule reabsorption?
Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
What do endothelial cells filter?
platelets and RBC
What is the outer region of the kidney called? Colour?
Outer region – pale region, “renal cortex”
Inner region – darker, “renal medulla”
What is the major role of the nephron?
Fluid from blood is filtered, much is reabsorbed, occasionally some is secreted back into it
What section of the arteriole is first to reach the glomerular capsule?
Afferent
SAME
Why does the reabsorption of sodium, cause the reabsorption of other substances?
Electrochemical gradient drives anion reabsorption (reabsorbing a positive ion, attracting negative ions, eg. Chloride)
What happens when there is an absence of ADH in collecting duct?
Urine is dilute (makes it more permeable in collecting duct, to water)
What is the meaning of iso-osmotic volume reabsorption?
qual parts of solute and water reabsorbed
Does the loop of Henle have the same permeability?
Loop of Henle – membrane has different permeability (descending – water only, ascending – solute, not water)
What is the hormone that affects sodium and potassium at the collecting ducts?
Aldosterone
What is the hormone that affects water at the collecting ducts?
Anti-diuretic
What is the difference between tubular reabsorption and secretion?
Tubular reabsorption - sodium and water are reclaimed
Tubular secretion – substances added to filtrate
What is the process of renal tubule reabsorption?
Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
What do endothelial cells filter?
platelets and RBC
What is the difference between basal lamina and podoctyes?
Basal lamina – material with a large negative charge (filters most of large proteins)
Podocytes – many ‘feet’ structures with a membrane slit between (filter all but small proteins
What is the usual glomerular filtration rate?
125mL/min
What is the meaning of blood colloidal osmotic pressure?
pressure caused by osmotic difference, blood has protein
What is the arterial blood pH?
7.4 pH
What does respiratory acidosis cause?
Hypoventilation (under breathing) = buildup of CO2 = higher carbonate acid = more H+ ion
What happens when there is an absence of ADH in collecting duct?
Urine is dilute (makes it more permable in collecting duct, to water)
What sphincter is voluntary?
External (skeletal muscle)
