Movement of Molecules

Question 1

What % of body weight is water for males and females?

Answer 1

60% males

55% females

Question 2

What % of fluids are intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid?

Answer 2

2/3 intracellular fluid

1/3 extracellular fluid

Question 3

What % of extracellular fluid is interstitual fluid and plasma?

Answer 3

80% extracellular fluid

20% plasma

Question 4

Order composition of fluids from largest to smallest

Answer 4

1. 2/3 of body weight is fluids
2. 60% of ICF
3. 80% is interstitual fluid

Question 5

What is a solute?

Answer 5

anything that is dissolved in a solvent

Question 6

What is a solvent?

Answer 6

anything that dissolves other substances

Question 7

What are electrolytes?

Answer 7

charged ions that dissociate in water (break up)

eg. sodium, pottasiumm

Question 8

What are some examples of non-electrolytes?

Answer 8

Glucose, lipids, urea

Question 9

What are 2 passive processes?

Answer 9

diffusion and ozmosis

Question 10

What is an example of a primary active process?

Answer 10

sodium-pottasium pump

Question 11

What is an example of secondary active transport?

Answer 11

symporters and anti-porters (indirectly uses ATP)

Question 12

What is an example of vesicular active transport?

Answer 12

endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 13

What is the chemical sign for pottasium and sodium?

Answer 13

Pottasium - K+

Sodium - Na+

Question 14

Is there higher or lower concentration of sodium found outside the cells?

Answer 14

Higher

Question 15

How many sodium ions are moved out of the cell for every potassium ions moved in?

Answer 15

3 sodium out, for 2 potassium in

Question 16

What is the difference between an antiporter and a symporter?

Answer 16

Antiporter - can move molecule in different direction

Symporter - can move molecule in same direction

Question 17

What is bulk phase endocytosis?

Answer 17

cell drinking, tiny droplets of ECF are engulfed

Question 18

What does an acid do?

Answer 18

releases/donates hydrogen ions when in a solution

Question 19

What does a base do?

Answer 19

accepts/removes hydrogen ions from a solution

Question 20

What is an example of a base and an acid?

Answer 20

Base - bicarbonate ion

Acid - hydrochloric acid

Question 21

What is acidosis?

Answer 21

excess hydrogen ions in the body (pH has dropped)

Question 22

What does BAD stand for?

Answer 22

“Bases accept, acids donate?

Question 23

On a pH scale what does below 7 indicate?

Answer 23

acidic, lots of hydrogen ions

Question 24

On a pH scale what does above 7 indicate?

Answer 24

basic (alkaline), less hydrogen ions

Question 25

What determines how acidic/basic a solution is?

Answer 25

the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the body

Question 26

What is the plasma fluid pH?

Answer 26

7.35 - 7.45

Question 27

What is the function of a buffer system?

Answer 27

a solution that will resist changes in pH when a strong acid/base is added, to maintain pH within narrow limit Either: - bind to extra free H+ ions - release more free H+ ions

Question 28

What is an example of a chemical buffer?

Answer 28

Bicarbonate system

Question 29

What is the chemical equation of the bicarbonate system?

Answer 29

carbonate acid -> bicarbonate ion + hydrogen

Question 30

What is a ligand?

Answer 30

chemical that binds to something

Question 31

What is a ligand-gated channel?

Answer 31

needs ligand to open

Question 32

What is a mechanically gated channel?

Answer 32

closed until mechanical stimulus | deformation of cell, heat, pressure

Question 33

What is a voltage-gated channel?

Answer 33

closed until voltage alters the electrical charge of cell

Question 34

What is a leakage channel?

Answer 34

Always open, ions move down their concentration gradien

Question 35

What are some factors that influence rate of diffusion?

Answer 35

- steepness of concentration gradient - temperature - mass of substance - surface area - distance

Question 36

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 36

passive process where substances can move freely through the lipid bi-layer of the plasma membrane with the help of protein channels or carriers eg. gases, non-polar hydrophobic substance, small. molecules

Question 37

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 37

passive process where molecules that are too polar or highly charged, move through the bilayer of the plasma membrane via a channel or carrier protein 2 types: - channel-mediated facilitated diffusion - carrier-mediated facilitated diffuion

Question 38

What are the 2 types of diffusion?

Answer 38

simple and facilitated

Question 39

What is ozmosis?

Answer 39

the movement of water across the plasma membrane from a high concentration of water, to a low concentration of water

Question 40

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 40

water's weight forcing it back

Question 41

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 41

the amount of pressure needing to restore to the starting condition

Question 42

What is tonicity?

Answer 42

The ability of solution to change the shape of a cell (because of the movement of water)

Question 43

What is osmolarity?

Answer 43

the number of solute particles in a solution

Question 44

What is hypertonic solution?

Answer 44

relatively high concentration of non-permeable solutes outside of the cell - creation (cell shrinks)

Question 45

What is hypotonic solution?

Answer 45

relatively low concentration of non-permeable solutes outside of the cell - lysis (cell bursts)

Question 46

What is an isotonic solution

Answer 46

equal concentration of non-permeable solutes in the ICF and ECF  (no net movement of water)

Question 47

What does resting membrane potential mean?

Answer 47

a cell's difference in charge between outside and inside areas, at resting state

Question 48

What are some factors that affect RMP?

Answer 48

- uneven distribution of ions across cell membrane - difference in leak channels - more potassium leak channels than sodium

Question 49

Is the inside of cell positive or negative at resting state

Answer 49

Negative

Question 50

What is the RMP?

Answer 50

-70mV

Question 51

Do electrolytes or non-electrolytes dissociate in water?

Answer 51

Electrolytes

Question 52

Explain the process of sodium-potassium ATPase

Answer 52

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