Cell Structure

Question 1

The function of a plasma membrane?

Answer 1

Protects cellular contents, cell identification, separates ICF and ECF, provides a semi-permeable barrier

Question 2

The function of the nucleus?

Answer 2

contains DNA that drives cellular function, determines what the cell makes (membrane-bound)

Question 3

The function of ribosomes?

Answer 3

protein synthesis (produces proteins)

Question 4

The function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 4

Smooth ER - produces fatty acids, eg. steroids

Rough ER - protein synthesis

Question 5

The function of the golgi complex?

Answer 5

accepting, modifying and packaging molecules, ready for transport (Aus Post)

Question 6

The function of the mitochondria?

Answer 6

powerhouse of the cell, produces ATP aerobically

Question 7

The function of the lysosome?

Answer 7

contains strong digestive enzymes to break down materials

Question 8

Definition of Anatomy

Answer 8

the study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Question 9

Definition of Physiology

Answer 9

the study of the function of the body and how the body parts work together to maintain life

Question 10

Levels of organisation

Answer 10

"STOCC" 
Chemical (atoms and molecules)
Cellular (molecules combined)
Tissue (groups of cells)
Organ (groups of tissues)
System (body)

Question 11

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 11

source of energy for generating ATP needed for metabolic reactions
Building block: sugars
Eg. glucose, glycogen, starches, cellulose

Question 12

Monomers of carbohydrates

Answer 12

monosaccharides (‘one simple sugar’)

disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 13

Functions of lipids

Answer 13

energy storage, insulation, protection
Building block: fatty acids
Eg. steroids, cholesterol

Question 14

Groups of lipids

Answer 14

fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 15

Function of proteins

Answer 15

structure of body tissues, growth, repair, transport, immunity, enzymes
Building block: amino acids (peptides)
Eg. hormones, keratin, collagen, hemoglobin

Question 16

Groups of proteins

Answer 16

dipeptides, tripeptides, polypeptides

Question 17

Types of proteins

Answer 17

structural, regulatory, contractile, transport, catalytic

Question 18

Definition of homeostasis

Answer 18

the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment

“the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment”

Question 19

What two systems mediate homeostasis?

Answer 19

Nervous system (nerve impulses) and Endocrine system (hormones)

Question 20

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 20

the fluid that fills narrow spaces between cells

Question 21

Definition of a negative feedback loop

Answer 21

feedback system that reverses a change in a controlled condition
Eg. blood pressure, body temp

Question 22

Definition of a positive feedback loop

Answer 22

feedback system that amplifies/strengthens a change in a controlled condition
Eg. contractions, blood clotting

Question 23

3 differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 23

1. eukaryotes are for animals/plants/fungi and prokaryotes are found in bacteria
2. DNA is bound in eukaryotes and stored in nucleotides in cytoplasm for prokaryotes
3. eukaryotes have specialised organelle for aerobic respiration (mitochondria), not all prokaryotes can perform

Question 24

What are some examples of types of tissues?

Answer 24

epitheral tissues (covers and protects)
muscle tissue
connective tissue
nervous tissue

Question 25

State 1 molecule and 1 atom

Answer 25

Molecule: DNA, glucose
Atom: carbon, hydrogen, phosphorus

Question 26

What is the process of aerobic respiration?

Answer 26

converting food fuels (glucose) into accessible energy for the cell

Question 27

What process is involved in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 27

glycolosis (breaking glucose into 2ATP and pyruvate molecules)

Question 28

What processes are involved in aerobic respiration?

Answer 28

Krebs cycle and electron transport chain