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HBA Revision > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main symptoms of inflammation?

A

redness, pain, swelling and heat

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2
Q

What are the two types of adaptive immunity?

A

cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity

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3
Q

What are 3 examples of the 1st line of defence?

A

the epidermis of the skin, lysosomes in tears, ear/nose hair

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4
Q

Is the 2nd line of defence innate of adaptive?

A

Innate

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5
Q

What are 3 examples of the 2nd line of defence?

A

inflammation, fever, phagoctyes

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6
Q

What is alerted when fever is needed?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

Why is fever an effective method?

A
  1. intensifies work of interferons

2. increases rate of repair

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8
Q

What are the 2 main effects of inflammation that makes it an effective method?

A

Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels, so phagocytes/leukocytes/antibodies can reach the area quickly

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9
Q

Are NKCs specific or non-specific

A

Non-specific

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10
Q

What are the two main types of phagocytes?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils

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11
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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12
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bone marrow

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13
Q

When differentiating and proliferating, what do groups do B cells split into?

A

Memory B cells and plasma B cells (that produce antibodies)

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14
Q

When differentiating and proliferating, what do groups do T cells split into?

A

Memory T cells and cytotoxic T cells

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15
Q

What do cytotoxic T cells release?

A

Cytokines to kill that cell

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16
Q

What do Helper T cells bind to?

A

Specific MHC1-antigen complexes

17
Q

What types of cells do T cells recognise?

A

Cells that have been infected by disease/virus, and are presenting a fragment of the pathogen

18
Q

What does MHC stand for?

A

major histocompatibility complex

19
Q

Where are MHC1 proteins found?

A

All cells (apart from RBCs), alerting other cells of health/disease

20
Q

Where are MHC2 proteins found?

A

on antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages) to get the attention of T cells to destroy

21
Q

What type of T cell is used in both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity?

A

Helper T cells - to release cytokines to kill and alert other immune cells of attack

22
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Enzymes

23
Q

What cells present CD8 proteins?

A

Cytotoxic T cells

24
Q

What cells present CD4 proteins?

A

Helper T cells

25
Q

What is another word to describe antibody-mediated immunity?

A

Humoral immunity

HBA Revision (11 decks)

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