Immune System Flashcards
What are the main symptoms of inflammation?
redness, pain, swelling and heat
What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity
What are 3 examples of the 1st line of defence?
the epidermis of the skin, lysosomes in tears, ear/nose hair
Is the 2nd line of defence innate of adaptive?
Innate
What are 3 examples of the 2nd line of defence?
inflammation, fever, phagoctyes
What is alerted when fever is needed?
Hypothalamus
Why is fever an effective method?
- intensifies work of interferons
2. increases rate of repair
What are the 2 main effects of inflammation that makes it an effective method?
Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels, so phagocytes/leukocytes/antibodies can reach the area quickly
Are NKCs specific or non-specific
Non-specific
What are the two main types of phagocytes?
Macrophages and neutrophils
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
Where do B cells mature?
Bone marrow
When differentiating and proliferating, what do groups do B cells split into?
Memory B cells and plasma B cells (that produce antibodies)
When differentiating and proliferating, what do groups do T cells split into?
Memory T cells and cytotoxic T cells
What do cytotoxic T cells release?
Cytokines to kill that cell
What do Helper T cells bind to?
Specific MHC1-antigen complexes
What types of cells do T cells recognise?
Cells that have been infected by disease/virus, and are presenting a fragment of the pathogen
What does MHC stand for?
major histocompatibility complex
Where are MHC1 proteins found?
All cells (apart from RBCs), alerting other cells of health/disease
Where are MHC2 proteins found?
on antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages) to get the attention of T cells to destroy
What type of T cell is used in both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity?
Helper T cells - to release cytokines to kill and alert other immune cells of attack
What are lysosomes?
Enzymes
What cells present CD8 proteins?
Cytotoxic T cells
What cells present CD4 proteins?
Helper T cells
What is another word to describe antibody-mediated immunity?
Humoral immunity
