Respiratory Physiology Lecture 1.7: Filtering Action and the Muco-ciliary Escalator Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the filtering action take place?

A

conducting zone

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2
Q

Muco-ciliary escalator

A

Term for the apparatus of mucus and cilia; responsible for movement of mucus up and out of the respiratory tract; mucus traps particles and cilia propel mucus up and out of the lungs

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3
Q

What lines the conducting airways?

A

The conducting airways are lined by a superficial layer
of epithelial cells which comprise mucus-producing (Goblet) cells and ciliated cells

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4
Q

What do Goblet cells and ciliated cells do?

A

These cells function in a coordinated fashion to entrap inhaled biological and inert particulates and remove them from the airways

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5
Q

How does effective clearance of particulates from the respiratory system happen?

A

Effective clearance requires both ciliary activity and respiratory tract fluids (Periciliary fluid and mucus)

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6
Q

What respiratory tract fluids do the goblet cells and ciliated cells produce?

A

goblet cells: produce mucus → GEL LAYER

ciliated cells: produce perciliary fluid → SOL LAYER

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7
Q

role of goblet cells

A

Produce a thick dense mucus (5 - 10 μm thick GEL LAYER, distributed in patches)

  • Has a high viscosity and high elastic properties
  • Traps inhaled materials
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8
Q

role of ciliated cells

A

Produce periciliary fluid (SOL LAYER)

  • Low viscosity optimal for ciliary activity (5 μm optimal thickness)
  • remove the particulate captured in the goblet cell gel layer by cilia tips touching mucous and pushing the particulates in one direction
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9
Q

How do the cilia move?

A

Cilia movements:

  • downward (Nasopharynx) → just above glottus and remove through esophagus
  • upward (Trachea) → remove from deeper respiratory tract through esophagus
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10
Q

What is another filtering actions besides the muco-ciliary escalator?

A

Macrophages in alveoli

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11
Q

What is the last defense to inhaled particulates?

A

macrophages mostly present in the alveoli

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12
Q

How do marcophages filter inhaled particulates?

A

Rapidly phagocytize foreign particles and substances as well as cellular debris

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13
Q

What inhalation of silica dust or asbestos cause?

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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14
Q

pulmonary fibrosis

A

lungs that are not able to expand due to loss of elastic properties

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15
Q

How does silica dust and asbestos cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Super fine particulate that ar also sharp. Macrophage cannot digest them though and the particles end up breaking them down. They disentigrate and release chemotactic factors and promoting fibroblastos in alveoli and intro of collagen which gives stiffness to lungs.

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