Respiratory Physiology Lecture 1.4: Steps of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps of respiration?

A
  1. ventilation
  2. gas exchange
  3. gas transport
  4. gas exchange
  5. cellular respiration
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2
Q

What happens in ventilation during respiration?

A

Exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli by bulk flow;

  • changes in volume and pressure to promote movement from areas of high pressure to low pressure
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3
Q

What is the first gas exchange of respiration?

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveolar air and blood in lung capillaries by diffusion

  • At level of respiratory membrane due to changes in pressure of O2 and CO2 in alveoli and blood
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4
Q

what occurs in gas transport of respiration?

A

transport of O2 and CO2 through pulmonary and systemic circulation by bulk flow

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5
Q

What is the second gas exchange of respiration?

A

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood in tissue capillaries and cells in tissues by diffusion

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6
Q

What is the cellular respiration?

A

Cellular utilization of O2 and production of CO2

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7
Q

respiratory airflow

A

ventilation

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8
Q

How is ventilation produced?

A
  1. CNS sends rhythmic excitatory (Respiratory) drive to respiratory muscles
  2. Respiratory muscles contract rhythmically and in a very organized pattern
  3. Changes in volume and pressures (thoracic and intrapulmonary) at the level of the chest and lung occur
  4. Air flows in and out via contraction and relaxation
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9
Q

What are the types of respiratory muscles?

A
  • pump muscles
  • airway muscles
  • accessory muscles
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10
Q

How are muscles characterized by action?

A

inspiratory (INS) and expiratory (EXP) muscles

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11
Q

INS and EXP pump muscles

A

INS: diaphragm, external intercostals, parasternal intercostals

EXP: internal intercostals, abdominals

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12
Q

INS and EXP airway muscles

A

INS: tongue protruders (Genioglossus), alae nasi, muscles around airways (Pharynx, larynx)

EXP: muscles are airways (Pharynx, larynx)

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13
Q

INS and EXP accessory muscles

A

INS: sternocleidomastoid, scalene

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14
Q

How does the brain contribute to respiratory muscles?

A

brain must coordinate activity of these various muscle groups to produce efficient breathing

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