Gastrointestinal Lecture 4 Part 2 Digestion and Absorption of dietary carbs Flashcards

1
Q

What cleaves polysaccharides?

A
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2
Q

What cleaves the disaccharides?

A
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3
Q

The products of carbohydrate digestion

A

The products of carbohydrate digestion are monosaccharides that must cross the intestinal epithelium to be absorbed into the body

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4
Q

Absorption of glucose/galactose

A
  • Absorption of glucose/galactose is facilitated by secondary active transport
  • SLGT-1 transports one molecule of glucose/galactose into intestine epithelial cell for every two Na+ ions that go in
  • leaves via diffusion through GLUT2
  • Na/K ATPase pump to replace Na+
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5
Q

Absorption of fructose

A

Absorption of fructose occurs by facilitated diffusion

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6
Q

Absorption of monosaccharides after a low sugar meal

A

normal

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7
Q

Absorption of monosaccharides after a high sugar meal

A

gets overwhelmed/ saturated

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8
Q

Summary of carbohydrate digestion and absorption

A
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9
Q

examples of dietary fibre

A

> cellulose (plant cell walls)
> Lignin (plant cell walls; woody)
> chitin (cell walls of fungi [mushrooms] & insect/crustacean exoskeletons)

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10
Q

physioloigcal effects of fibre

A
  1. Delayed gastric emptying and increased satiety
  2. Impaired absorption in the small intestine
    > multiple mechanisms: trapping, interfering, inhibiting

> Protective:

  • delayed absorption of carbohydrates (better glucose control)
  • Impaired cholesterol absorption
  • Trapping of trace elements and possible toxic compounds

3. Fiber fermentation in the large intestine
> gut microbiota can ferment undigested fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids

4. Fecal bulking
> undigested fiber (mass and retained water), and increased bacterial mass secondary to fiber fermentation

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