Respiratory Physiology

Question 0

Control of Respiration: (2001)

How is respiration controlled? What are the normal values for blood gases?

Answer 0

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Question 1

Control of Respiration: (2004/07/09)

Describe and explain the physiological factors and mechanism which increase respiratory rate.

Answer 1

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Question 2

Mechanics of Breathing: (2000)

Briefly describe static and dynamic compliance in the lung and explain the reasons for differences between the two.

Answer 2

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Question 3

Pulmonary Gas Volumes and Ventilation: (2012)

What is meant by the term Functional Residual Capacity? Describe 2 methods by which it can be measured.

Answer 3

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Question 4

Pulmonary Gas Volumes and Ventilation: (2005)
Draw a respiratory flow/volume loop and outline how it is obtained. Briefly explain the physiological mechanisms involved in the concept of flow limitation.

Answer 4

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Question 5

Pulmonary Gas Volumes and Ventilation: (2003)

Define functional residual capacity. What can change its value and why is it of particular importance to anaesthetists?

Answer 5

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Question 6

Ventilation Perfusion Inequalities: (2009)

Explain what is end-tidal CO2? What factors influence the accuracy of end-tidal CO2?

Answer 6

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Question 7

Ventilation Perfusion Inequalities: (2005)
Define ventilation-perfusion inequality. Explain how ventilation-perfusion inequality occurs in a normal person and discuss the consequences.

Answer 7

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Question 8

Ventilation Perfusion Inequalities: (2002)
What is end-tidal CO2 and how does it differ from arterial CO2 tension and mixed expired CO2 tension? What factors influence it’s value?

Answer 8

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Question 9

Gas Transport in Blood: (2012)

Compare and contrast the carriage of carbon dioxide in arterial and mixed venous blood.

Answer 9

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Question 10

Gas Transport in Blood: (2010)

Discuss physiological consequences of hypocarbia as may occur with hyperventilation.

Answer 10

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Question 11

Gas Transport in Blood: (2009)

Explain how oxygen delivery to the tissues is maintained to meet its demands during normovolaemic haemodilution.

Answer 11

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Question 12

Gas Transport in Blood: (2006)

Describe the factors that determine oxygen delivery to tissues.

Answer 12

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Question 13

Gas Transport in Blood: (2005)

Briefly explain how oximetry can be used to estimate partial pressure of oxygen in a blood sample.

Answer 13

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Question 14

Gas Transport in Blood: (2000/04)

List the typical values in a mixed venous blood gas. Explain the factors that alter mixed venous PO2.

Answer 14

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Question 15

Gas Transport in Blood: (2003)

How is carbon dioxide carried in the blood?

Answer 15

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Question 16

Gas Transport in Blood: (2001)

Write brief notes on oxygen transport to tissues.

Answer 16

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Question 17

Gas Transport in Blood: (1994)
What mechanism ensure an adequate supply of oxygen to the tissues? How does the body compensate for a sudden decrease in haemoglobin to half normal values?

Answer 17

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Question 18

Gas Transport in Blood: (Additional)

Describe the physiological response to normovolaemic haemodilution from a HCT 0.45 to 0.25 in a fit young man.

Answer 18

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Question 19

Pulmonary Circulation: (2005)
Explain the effects of a decrease in plasma oncotic pressure on the microcirculation. Outline the effects on the lung function.

Answer 19

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Question 20

Pulmonary Circulation: (2002)

Describe the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulations.

Answer 20

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Question 21

Integrated Respiratory Physiology: (2011)
Estimate the arterial pressure of oxygen for a healthy adult on acute accent to an altitude of 3,000m where the barometric pressure is 530mmHg.
Could cerebral hypoxia occur at the altitude assuming normal cerebral perfusion and haemoglobin concentrations are maintained (assuming critical hypoxia venous oxygen partial pressure is 20mmHg)? Explain your answer.

Answer 21

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Question 22

Integrated Respiratory Physiology: (2011)

Outline the physiological changes in one lung ventilation for thoracotomy in the lateral position.

Answer 22

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Question 23

Integrated Respiratory Physiology: (2010)

Describe the physiological effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation.

Answer 23

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Question 24

Integrated Respiratory Physiology: (2007) | List the effects of respiratory acidosis and briefly describe the compensatory mechanisms.

Answer 24

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Question 25

Integrated Respiratory Physiology: (2003) | List the non-respiratory functions of the lung.

Answer 25

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Question 26

Integrated Respiratory Physiology: (2003) | Describe the early and late physiological responses to a sudden ascent to 5,000m.

Answer 26

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Question 27

Integrated Respiratory Physiology: (2002) | Describe the mechanisms involved in the increase in minute ventilation during exercise.

Answer 27

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