Cardiovascular Physiology

Question 0

Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output: (2010)
Chart and annotate (label key events) a graph of normal adult ECG, aortic pressure, LV pressure, LA pressure and jugular venous pressure against time, on the same time scale, through one cardiac cycle.

Answer 0

.

Question 1

Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output: (2006)
Briefly describe the normal central venous pressure (CVP) waveform, events that affect it, and the factors that determine CVP.

Answer 1

.

Question 2

Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output: (2004)
Describe the determinants of afterload for the right ventricle and the consequences of an acute increase in afterload of the right ventricle.

Answer 2

.

Question 3

Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output: (2002)

Explain the effects on intermittent positive pressure ventilation on left ventricular output.

Answer 3

.

Question 4

Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output: (1995)

Write short notes on central venous pressure.

Answer 4

.

Question 5

Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output: (1994)

Write short notes on cardiac output.

Answer 5

.

Question 6

Determinants and Control of Cardiac Output: (1992)

Discuss the factors which influence cardiac output in a healthy young adult male.

Answer 6

.

Question 7

Peripheral Vascular System: (2010)

Describe the physiology that contributes to the development of interstitial oedema.

Answer 7

.

Question 8

Peripheral Vascular System: (2007)

Briefly describe the physiological roles of the vascular endothelium.

Answer 8

.

Question 9

Peripheral Vascular System: (2005)

Describe the role of nitric oxide in the modification of vascular tone.

Answer 9

.

Question 10

Control of Circulation: (2003)

Describe the mechanism by which arterial blood pressure is controlled.

Answer 10

.

Question 11

Control of Circulation: (2001)

Draw a normal arterial pressure wave. How is blood pressure controlled?

Answer 11

.

Question 12

Control of Circulation: (1995)

Discuss auto regulation in the cardiovascular system.

Answer 12

.

Question 13

Control of Circulation: (1993)

Write short notes on vasovagal syncope.

Answer 13

.

Question 14

Regional Circulations: (2007/11)

Explain how the various factors determine myocardial oxygen supply and demand.

Answer 14

.

Question 15

Regional Circulations: (2002)
List the determinants of coronary artery flow. Briefly compare phasic coronary blood flow in the left and right coronary arteries.

Answer 15

.

Question 16

Regional Circulations: (2002)

Describe the difference between the pulmonary and the systemic circulations.

Answer 16

.

Question 17

Regional Circulations: (1996)

Describe the properties of cardiac muscle and the regulation of its blood supply.

Answer 17

.

Question 18

Regional Circulations: (1993)
Discuss with specific examples the physical and physiological mechanisms involved of blood flow to various regions of the body.

Answer 18

.

Question 19

Integrated Cardiovascular Physiology: (2011)

Explain the responses of the cardiovascular system in a 70kg adult with acute loss of 1 litre of blood.

Answer 19

.

Question 20

Integrated Cardiovascular Physiology: (1999/2001)
What is the effect / physiological consequences of haemorrhage of one litre of blood in half an hour in a normal 70kg adult?

Answer 20

.

Question 21

Integrated Cardiovascular Physiology: (1992/2001)

What is the Valsalva manoeuvre? What is its effect on blood pressure and heart rate? Explain.

Answer 21

.

Question 22

Integrated Cardiovascular Physiology: (1998)
Describe the changes in the cardiovascular system which accompany and follow a change in posture from supine to motionless standing.

Answer 22

.

Question 23

Integrated Cardiovascular Physiology: (Additional)

Describe the effects of hyperkalaemia on cardiac contractile muscles.

Answer 23

.