Clincal Measurement

Question 0

(2012)
Draw and label a tracing obtained from Lead II of an electrocardiogram. Indicate the normal values for each aspect of the tracing and briefly correlate the tracing with events occurring within the heart.

Answer 0

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Question 1

(2012)
Describe the physiological basis of using somatosensory evoked potentials, motor evoked potentials and electromyography to monitor spinal cord function during general anaesthesia.

Answer 1

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Question 2

(2011)
How do you determine that the invasive arterial pressure recording is accurate? Use physical principles to explain your answer.

Answer 2

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Question 3

(2010)
Briefly comment on the physics principles underlying the methods used to measure oxygen content, oxygen saturation and oxygen tension in an anaesthetic environment.

Answer 3

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Question 4

(2002/09)
Describe the principles governing the operation of a pneumotachograph. Outline the factors that influence the accuracy of the device.

Answer 4

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Question 5

(2007)
Describe the physical principles involved in pulse oximetry. Explain why the reading would be inaccurate in the presence of significant amounts of carboxy-haemoglobin.

Answer 5

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Question 6

(2007)

Draw and label the normal pulmonary arterial waveform. What are the factors that affect pulmonary artery pressure?

Answer 6

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Question 7

(2006)

Briefly describe the normal CVP waveform, events that affect it, and the factors that determine CVP.

Answer 7

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Question 8

(2006)

Explain how a capnograph is obtained and what information can be provided by a capnograph trace.

Answer 8

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Question 9

(2006)
Explain the following terms:
• Critical temperature
• Saturated vapor pressure
• Boiling point
Explain how a desflurane vaporizer is designed as a result of its physical properties.

Answer 9

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Question 10

(2005)

Briefly explain how oximetry can be used to estimate partial pressure of oxygen in a blood sample.

Answer 10

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Question 11

(2000/04)

Describe the thermodilution technique for measuring cardiac output.

Answer 11

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Question 12

(2003)

Describe the physical principles behind the design of an anaesthetic vaporizer.

Answer 12

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Question 13

(2000)

Briefly describe the difference between laminar and turbulent flow. Include the factors that promote turbulent flow.

Answer 13

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Question 14

(1999)
Write short notes on the oscillometric method of measuring blood pressure with a non-invasive automatic blood pressure device.

Answer 14

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