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Respiratory pathology Flashcards

1
Q

PaO2 of respiratory failure

A

8

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2
Q

PaO2 of type 1 respiratory failure, and what is driving it?

A
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3
Q

PaO2 of type 2 respiratory failure, and what is driving it?

A

> 6.3kPa, hypercapnic drive

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4
Q

Two types of carcinoma

A

Small cell and non small cell

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5
Q

4 types non small cell

A

Squamous
Undifferentiated large cell
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell neuroendocrine

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6
Q

90% smokers have which type of lung cancer?

A

Squamous small cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Which cancer can mimic pneumonia?

A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

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8
Q

Neuroendocrine tumours are detected using what?

A

CD56 and neurosecretory granule proteins- chromogranin, synaptophysin

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9
Q

4 features of typical carcinoid tumours

A

No necrosis, bland
Distant mets are rare
Not assoc with smoking
May occlude bronchioles

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10
Q

Thyroid transcription factor is expressed by which 3 carcinomas?

A

Adenocarcinoma
Undifferentiated large cell carcinoma
Small cell

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11
Q

Small cell carcinomas also secrete what?

A

ACTH and ADH

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12
Q

What does TNM staging include as well as the usual?

A

Atelectasis of lobe/lung

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13
Q

2 causes of pleural effusion

A

Inflammatory-exudate

Congestive heart failure- transudate

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14
Q

Which colour asbestos is the worst?

A

Blue (or brown but blue worst)

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15
Q

Signs of mesothelioma?

A

Small plaques/nodules on parietal pleura

Effusion

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16
Q

What type of cells in mesothelioma

A

Spindle and epitheliod

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17
Q

What pathogen causes pneumonia in the elderly, diabetics and alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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18
Q

What pathogen causes pneumonia in the elderly, diabetics and alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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19
Q

PaO2 of type 1 respiratory failure, and what is driving it?

A
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20
Q

Complications of bronchiectasis?

A

Pneumonia
Septicaemia
Metastatic infection
Amyloidosis

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21
Q

Two types of carcinoma

A

Small cell and non small cell

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22
Q

4 types non small cell

A

Squamous
Undifferentiated large cell
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell neuroendocrine

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23
Q

90% smokers have which type of lung cancer?

A

Squamous small cell carcinoma

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24
Q

Which cancer can mimic pneumonia?

A

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

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25
Neuroendocrine tumours are detected using what?
CD56 and neurosecretory granule proteins- chromogranin, synaptophysin
26
4 features of typical carcinoid tumours
No necrosis, bland Distant mets are rare Not assoc with smoking May occlude bronchioles
27
Thyroid transcription factor is expressed by which 3 carcinomas?
Adenocarcinoma Undifferentiated large cell carcinoma Small cell
28
Small cell carcinomas also secrete what?
ACTH and ADH
29
What does TNM staging include as well as the usual?
Atelectasis of lobe/lung
30
Symptoms and signs of interstitial lung disease
Slowly increasing dyspnoea Clubbing Fine crackles Dry cough
31
Which colour asbestos is the worst?
Blue (or brown but blue worst)
32
Signs of mesothelioma?
Small plaques/nodules on parietal pleura | Effusion
33
What type of cells in mesothelioma
Spindle and epitheliod
34
2 types pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia | Bronchopneumonia
35
What pathogen causes pneumonia in the elderly, diabetics and alcoholics?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
36
What is bronchiectasis's permanent dilation due to?
Destruction of muscle and elastic tissue. Chronic necrotising infection
37
Symptoms bronchiectasis
Cough Fever Foul smelling sputum
38
Complications of bronchiectasis?
Pneumonia Septicaemia Metastatic infection Amyloidosis
39
COPD is ? + ?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
40
3 types emphysema
Centrilobar Panlobar Paraseptal
41
Centrilobar emphysema is associated with what?
Smoking
42
Panlobar emphysema is associated with what?
Alpa 1 antitrypsin
43
Interstitial lung disease obstructive or restrictive?
Restrictive
44
Acute interstitial lung disease leads to?
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
45
Which cells have hyperplasia in acute interstitial lung disease
Type II pneumocytes
46
Chronic interstitial lung disease results in '??lung'
Honeycomb
47
2 diseases that may lead to chronic interstitial lung disease
Sarcoidosis | Pulmonary fibrosis
48
Symptoms and signs of interstitial lung disease
Slowly increasing dyspnoea Clubbing Fine crackles Dry cough
49
How does the pleura appear in idiopathic interstitial lung disease?
Bosselated (cobble stone)
50
Sarcoidosis is what?
perilymphatic pulmonary granulomas then fibrosis
51
What organs does sarcoidosis affect?
Lungs, skin, heart, brain
52
Blood test signs of sarcoidosis
Hypercalcaemia, raised serum ACE
53
Who usually gets sarcoidosis?
Young adult females
54
What are pneumoconioses?
'dust diseases'- lung disease due to inhaled fibrinogens, allergens or carcinogens
55
Particles must be less than ? micrometers to reach alveoli
3
56
Pneumoconeosis from coal dust? Symptoms?
Anthracosis | Fibrosis and COPD
57
Pneumoconeosis from sand and stone dust? Symptoms?
Silicosis | Firbosis and fibrous silicotic nodules.
58
Complications of silicosis?
Reactivation of TB | Cancer risk
59
Pneumoconeosis assoc with asbestos
Asbestosis
60
How are asbestosis tissue sections different?
Identifiable asbestos fibre
61
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is what type of reaction?
Type 3 hypersensitivity
62
Farmer's lung is a reaction to?
Actinomycetes in hay
63
Pigeon fancier's lung is a reaction to?
Pigeon antigens
64
Pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
Inflammation and non-caseating granulomas | Repeated episodes leads to interstitial fibrosis.
65
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is also known as?
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

AH extra cards (29 decks)

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